Table 2.
Studies exploring relationship between poverty indicators and tuberculosis
| References | Location | Participants | Type of study | Type of infection | Poverty indicator used | Association of resistance with poverty indicator | Quality level (JBI) | Composite rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avendano [21] | Toronto, ON | 40 | Case series | MDR-TB | Foreign-born | Prior history of TB positive, higher prevalence foreign-born | IV | Low |
| CCDR [20] | Canada | 1634 | Cross-sectional | Any TB infection | Foreign-born | Foreign born increased TB prevalence, positive for resistant-TB | IV | Low |
| Cook [22] | MB | 147 | Cross-sectional | TB lymphadenitis | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign born and Indigenous high prevalence, positive resistance | IV | Low |
| Edwards [23] | AB | 98 | Retrospective cohort | Isoniazid resistant (Hr-)TB | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born positive Hr-TB, Indigenous negative | III | Low |
| Farzad [24] | Canada | 458 | Prospective cohort | Culture positive TB | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born negative resistance | III | Low |
| Guthrie [25] | BC | 49 | Retrospective review | Culture positive TB | Foreign-born | Foreign-born high prevalence, negative resistance | IV | Low |
| Hersi [26] | AB, BC | 4066 | Retrospective review | Any TB infection | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born positive any resistance, negative MDR | IV | Low |
| Hirama [27] | Toronto, ON | 402 | Retrospective cohort | Any TB infection | Foreign-born, homeless | Europe born positive MDR, homeless/refugee status negative resistance | III | Med |
| Khan [28] | Toronto, ON | 91 | Retrospective cohort | Any TB infection | Homeless | Homeless negative resistance | III | Med |
| Lafreniere [30] | Canada | 9745 | Cross-sectional | Any TB infection | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born positive MDR, Indigenous higher prevalence non-resistant | IV | Low |
| Lafreniere [29] | Canada | 1459 | Cross-sectional | Any TB infection | Foreign-born | Foreign-born positive any resistance | IV | Low |
| Langlois-Klassen [31] | AB | 1827 | Retrospective cohort | Beijing strain TB | Foreign-born | Foreign-born positive Beijing, positive MDR | III | Low |
| Long [35] | MB | 1478 | Retrospective cohort | Culture positive TB | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born positive any resistance, Indigenous negative | III | Low |
| Long [33] | AB, BC | 768 | Cross-sectional | Any TB infection | Foreign-born | Foreign-born positive any resistance | IV | Low |
| Long [32] | AB, SK | 428 | Retrospective case–control | Pulmonary TB, FQ use | Indigenous status | Indigenous positive multiple FQ use, negative resistance | III | Low |
| Long [34] | AB | 2234 | Retrospective cohort | Culture positive MDR vs non-MDR in foreign born | Foreign-born | Retreatment of TB positive for MDR among foreign-born | III | Low |
| Marras [36] | Toronto, ON | 189 | Retrospective review | Culture positive TB | Tibetan refugees | Refugees positive for resistance | IV | Low |
| Minion [37] | Canada | 15,993 | Retrospective cohort | Culture positive TB | Foreign-born, Indigenous | Foreign-born positive resistance and MDR, retreatment positive resistance | III | Low |
| Phongsamart [38] | ON | 121 | Retrospective review | Any TB infection | Foreign-born | Foreign-born positive resistance | IV | Low |
| Rivest [39] | Montreal, QC | 798 | Cross-sectional | Active TB | Foreign-born | Foreign-born high prevalence, negative resistance | IV | Low |
AB: Alberta; BC: British Columbia; Hr-TB: isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis; MB: Manitoba; MDR: multi-drug resistant; ON: Ontario; SK: Saskatchewan; TB: tuberculosis; QC: Quebec