Table 4.

Studies exploring relationship between poverty indicators and invasive bacterial diseases

References	Location	Participants	Type of study	Type of infection	Poverty indicator used	Association of resistance with poverty indicator	Quality level (JBI)	Composite rating
Bocking [41]	Northwestern ON	65	Cross-sectional	Invasive Group A Strep	Indigenous, remote	Indigenous higher prevalence, positive for resistance	IV	Low
Bruce [42]	Alaska, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland	11,244	Cross-sectional	S. pneumoniae invasive disease	Indigenous	Indigenous higher prevalence, insufficient data on association with resistance	IV	Low
Cerqueira [43]	Thunder Bay, ON	24	Case series	H. influenzae disease	Indigenous	Indigenous higher prevalence, insufficient data on association with resistance	IV	Low
Gounder [44]	North American Arctic, Canada, Alaska, Greenland	247 (74 Canada)	Retrospective review	Bacterial meningitis	Indigenous	Indigenous higher prevalence, insufficient data on association with resistance	IV	Low
Helferty [45]	Northern Canada (NWT, Nunavik, North Labrador, QC)	433	Cross-sectional	S. pneumoniae invasive disease	Indigenous, remote	Indigenous higher prevalence, insufficient data on association with resistance	IV	Low

NWT: Northwest Territories; ON: Ontario; QC: Quebec