. 2022 Jan 23;15:14. doi: 10.1186/s13048-022-00945-x

Table 2.

Effect of co-administration of nicotine and ginseng on estradiol and folliculogenesis

Groups	Primordial Follicle (n/f)	Primary follicle (n/f)	Preantral follicle (n/f)	Antral follicle (n/f)	Corpus luteum (n/f)	Healthy follicle (n/f)	Atretic follicle (n/f)
Control	11.14 ± 2.35	8.98 ± 0.32^b	19.42 ± 0.50^b	9.47 ± 0.32^b	3.6 ± 0.35^b	52.9 ± 0.79^b	4.5 ± 0.54^b
Sham	9.88 ± 1.32	8.99 ± 0.17^b	18.76 ± 0.40^b	9.29 ± 1.07^b	3.06 ± 0.40^b	51.7 ± 0.48^b	4.9 ± 0.24^b
Nicotine	7.43 ± 2.92	4.76 ± 0.17^a	8.59 ± 0/95^a	4.76 ± 0.89^a	1.50 ± 0.22^a	26.9 ± 0.56^a	11/26 ± 0.89^a
Nicotine + Ga	11.12 ± 1.71	7.64 ± 0.28^ab	13.1 ± 0.71^ab	8.02 ± 0.32^b	2.46 ± 0.17	40.34 ± 0.71^b	6.72 ± 0.45^b
Nicotine + Gb	21.50 ± 5.18	8.26 ± 0.22^b	15.53 ± 0.89^ab	9.3 ± 0.32^b	3.1 ± 0.14^b	44.06 ± 0.7^b	6.87 ± 0.30^b

Data are expressed as mean and standard error. (n/f): number /microscopic field. Ga: ginseng 0.5 g/kg, Gb: ginseng 1 g/kg. ^aSignificant data in compare with control: P = 0.001, ^bSignificant data in compare with nicotine P = 0.001