Table 1.

Image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) in neuroblastic tumors

Ipsilateral tumour extension within two body compartments
Neck
Tumour encasing carotid and/or vertebral artery and/or internal jugular vein
Tumour extending to base of the skull
Tumour compressing the trachea
Cervico-thoracic junction
Tumour encasing brachial plexus roots
Tumour encasing subclavian vessels and/or vertebral and/or carotid artery
Tumour compressing the trachea
Thorax
Tumour encasing the aorta and/or major branches
Tumour compressing the trachea and/or principal bronchi
Lower mediastinal tumour, infiltrating the costo-vertebral junction between T9 and T12
Thoraco-abdominal
Tumour encasing the aorta and/or the vena cava
Abdomen/pelvis
Tumour infiltrating the porta hepatis and/or the hepatoduodenal ligament
Tumour encasing branches of the superior mesenteric artery and the mesenteric root
Tumour encasing the origin of celiac axis and/or of the superior mesenteric artery
Tumour invading one or both renal pedicles
Tumour encasing the aorta and/or the vena cava
Tumour encasing the iliac vessels
Pelvic tumour across the sciatic notch
Intraspinal tumour
Extension, regardless of location, provided that more than one-third of the spinal canal in the axial plane is invaded and/or the perimedullary leptomeningeal spaces are not visible and/or the spinal cord signal is abnormal
Infiltration of adjacent organs/structures
Pericardium, diaphragm, kidney, liver, duodeno-pancreatic block and mesentery
Conditions to be recorded, but not considered as IDRFs
Multifocal primary tumours
Pleural effusion, with or without malignant cells
Ascites, with or without malignant cells