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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Jul 28;42(9):729–744. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.06.005

Figure 3. Antioxidant and redox systems for the removal of oxidants, oxidized proteins, and lipid peroxides.

Figure 3.

Intracellular enzyme systems, metal-binding proteins, and redox proteins for the elimination of superoxide (◯2−.), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxide (LOO•), and oxidized protein (ox). Red font indicates oxidative species. Green color indicates that the genes encoding the proteins have been reported to be under the influence of the Nrf2 transcription factor. Abbreviations: Cat, catalase; GCL, glutamate-cysteine ligase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, glutathione; GSH-R, glutathione reductase; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; MT, metallothionein; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; Prx, peroxiredoxin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; Srxn, sulfiredoxin; Trx, thioredoxin; TrxR, thioredoxin reductase.