Table 1.

Description of analytic codes

Pandemic stressor codes	Description
Financial strain
Job loss(es)	Mentions one or more job losses, either their own or a member of their household.
Reduced hours	Mentions reduced hours at work, either for themselves or a member of their household.
Fear of future job loss(es)	Mentions fear of future job loss(es), either for themselves or a member of their household.
Material deprivation	Mentions material deprivation such as food insecurity (e.g. rationing food, not enough food, accessing free school lunches), housing insecurity, or inability to provide for basic needs.
Limited safety net	Mentions limited access to safety nets to address income loss, such as limited savings, no federal relief (e.g. stimulus check ineligibility), no unemployment benefits, limited access to social services (e.g. food stamps).
Financial pressure	Mentions increased financial responsibilities and/or pressure to contribute to household income, such as working more hours, being the primary person employed, taking on second job, or paying additional rent/bills.
Academic strain
Remote learning challenges	Mentions academic strains related to general remote learning challenges, such as difficulties learning in an online format, technology or internet issues, and lack of access to campus resources.
Limited study space	Mentions academic strains related to limited study space, such as crowded households, little to no private personal study space, and noisy environments.
Academic consequences of increased family responsibilities	Mentions academic strains related to increased family responsibilities, such as caring for family members, supporting others’ remote education, and household chores. Does not include financial responsibilities captured by financial pressure.
COVID-19 virus concerns
Exposure risk	Mentions concerns about risking exposure to the virus, such as by continued work as an “essential worker” or being unable to maintain social distance in certain environments.
Infection fears	Mentions concerns about infection or virus contraction, such as cascading consequences of infection, compromised healthcare access, underlying conditions, and testing positive.
Social dynamics
Strained family relationships	Mentions strained family relationships due to pandemic conditions, such as worsening family conflicts, or being forced to remain in toxic and/or unsafe household environments.
Social isolation	Mentions social isolation due to pandemic conditions, such as limited contact with family, friends, or members of the campus community (e.g. professors, staff, peers).
Immigration status effect codes
No CARES Act stimulus checks	Mentions ineligibility for stimulus checks provided by the federal CARES Acts, including phrases like the $1200, stimulus package, stimulus check, government relief, and federal aid.
No CARES Act education relief grants	Mentions ineligibility for education relief grant provided by the federal CARES Act.
No unemployment benefits	Mentions own or family members’ ineligibility for unemployment benefits, including phrases like unemployment insurance and unemployment payments.
Limited access to social safety net programs	Mentions own or family members’ ineligibility or limited access to social safety net programs, including phrases like Cal Fresh, welfare, food stamps, and EBT.
Limited access to healthcare	Mentions own or family members’ ineligibility or limited access to healthcare, including no health insurance, unaffordability of healthcare, poor healthcare services, and immigration-related concerns with accessing healthcare services.