Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of participants (n=1600)
| Undocumented students (n=545) | US citizens with at least one undocumented parent (n=543) | US citizens whose parents are lawfully present (n=512) | Total (n=1,600) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % or mean (SD) | n | % or mean (SD) | n | % or mean (SD) | n | % or mean (SD) | |
| Student immigration status | ||||||||
| US citizen | - | 0.0 | 543 | 100.0 | 512 | 100.0 | 1055 | 65.9 |
| Undocumented—DACA | 399 | 73.2 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 399 | 24.9 |
| Undocumented—other liminal legal status | 7 | 1.3 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 7 | 0.4 |
| Undocumented—no legal status | 139 | 25.5 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 139 | 8.7 |
| Student area of origin | ||||||||
| Mexico | 457 | 83.9 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 457 | 28.6 |
| Central America | 63 | 11.6 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 63 | 3.9 |
| South America | 22 | 4.0 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 22 | 1.4 |
| Other | 3 | 0.6 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 3 | 0.2 |
| USA | - | 0.0 | 543 | 100.0 | 512 | 100.0 | 1055 | 65.9 |
| Parental immigration status | ||||||||
| Undocumented | 476 | 87.3 | 391 | 72.0 | - | - | 867 | 54.2 |
| LPR | 12 | 2.2 | - | 0.0 | 114 | 22.3 | 126 | 7.9 |
| US citizens | 3 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.2 | 237 | 46.3 | 241 | 15.1 |
| Undocumented and LPR | 10 | 1.8 | 72 | 13.3 | - | - | 82 | 5.1 |
| Undocumented and US citizen | 5 | 0.9 | 51 | 9.4 | - | - | 56 | 3.5 |
| LPR and US citizen | 1 | 0.2 | - | 0.0 | 151 | 29.5 | 152 | 9.5 |
| Other combinations | 12 | 2.2 | 17 | 3.1 | 5 | 1.0 | 34 | 2.1 |
| Missing | 26 | 4.8 | 11 | 2.0 | 5 | 1.0 | 42 | 2.6 |
| Has one US born parent | ||||||||
| No | 544 | 99.8 | 539 | 99.3 | 468 | 91.4 | 1551 | 96.9 |
| Yes | 1 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.7 | 44 | 8.6 | 49 | 3.1 |
| Parent/guardian 1 area of origin | ||||||||
| Mexico | 455 | 83.5 | 475 | 87.5 | 387 | 75.6 | 1317 | 82.3 |
| Central America | 64 | 11.7 | 55 | 10.1 | 69 | 13.5 | 188 | 11.8 |
| South America | 23 | 4.2 | 2 | 0.4 | 14 | 2.7 | 39 | 2.4 |
| Other | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.2 | 10 | 2.0 | 13 | 0.8 |
| USA | 1 | 0.2 | 10 | 1.8 | 32 | 6.3 | 43 | 2.7 |
| Parent/guardian 2 area of origin | ||||||||
| Mexico | 346 | 63.5 | 423 | 77.9 | 312 | 60.9 | 1081 | 67.6 |
| Central America | 44 | 8.1 | 44 | 8.1 | 58 | 11.3 | 146 | 9.1 |
| South America | 21 | 3.9 | 2 | 0.4 | 12 | 2.3 | 35 | 2.2 |
| Caribbean | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Other | - | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 10 | 2.0 | 11 | 0.7 |
| USA | 1 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.9 | 45 | 8.8 | 51 | 3.2 |
| Does not report second parent | 133 | 24.4 | 68 | 12.5 | 74 | 14.5 | 275 | 17.2 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 399 | 73.2 | 434 | 79.9 | 381 | 74.4 | 1214 | 75.9 |
| Male | 129 | 23.7 | 102 | 18.8 | 117 | 22.9 | 348 | 21.8 |
| Non-binary, queer, transgender | 16 | 2.9 | 6 | 1.1 | 12 | 2.3 | 34 | 2.1 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.4 | 4 | 0.3 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–20 | 257 | 47.2 | 328 | 60.4 | 269 | 52.5 | 854 | 53.4 |
| 21–23 | 229 | 42.0 | 196 | 36.1 | 213 | 41.6 | 638 | 39.9 |
| 24 and older | 59 | 10.8 | 19 | 3.5 | 30 | 5.9 | 108 | 6.8 |
| Year in school | ||||||||
| First year undergraduate | 101 | 18.5 | 145 | 26.7 | 110 | 21.5 | 356 | 22.3 |
| Second year undergraduate | 86 | 15.8 | 108 | 19.9 | 96 | 18.8 | 290 | 18.1 |
| Third year undergraduate | 174 | 31.9 | 141 | 26.0 | 143 | 27.9 | 458 | 28.6 |
| Fourth year undergraduate | 148 | 27.2 | 122 | 22.5 | 139 | 27.2 | 409 | 25.6 |
| Fifth year or more undergraduate | 36 | 6.6 | 26 | 4.8 | 23 | 4.5 | 85 | 5.3 |
| Missing | - | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.1 |
| Household income | ||||||||
| Less than $20,000 | 132 | 24.2 | 134 | 24.7 | 66 | 12.9 | 332 | 20.8 |
| $20,001 to $40,000 | 228 | 41.8 | 204 | 37.6 | 135 | 26.4 | 567 | 35.4 |
| $40,001 to $75,000 | 129 | 23.7 | 146 | 26.9 | 182 | 35.6 | 457 | 28.6 |
| Greater than $75,001 | 31 | 5.7 | 43 | 7.9 | 101 | 19.7 | 175 | 10.9 |
| Missing | 25 | 4.6 | 16 | 3.0 | 28 | 5.5 | 69 | 4.3 |
| Extent COVID-19 negatively impacted mental health | 2.59 (1.24) | 2.41 (1.21) | 2.47 (1.26) | 2.49 (1.24) | ||||
| Not at all | 35 | 6.4 | 32 | 5.9 | 38 | 7.4 | 105 | 6.6 |
| A little | 81 | 14.9 | 111 | 20.4 | 85 | 16.6 | 277 | 17.3 |
| A moderate amount | 124 | 22.8 | 126 | 23.2 | 122 | 23.8 | 372 | 23.3 |
| A lot | 136 | 25.0 | 147 | 27.1 | 124 | 24.2 | 407 | 25.4 |
| A great deal | 167 | 30.6 | 126 | 23.2 | 138 | 27.0 | 431 | 26.9 |
| Missing | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.2 | 5 | 1.0 | 8 | 0.5 |