Figure 3.

Kidney and systemic protective actions of multi-target drugs. RB394 has direct actions on the kidney in mice with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) (left). RB394 decreased the collagen area, as determined by kidney histology using Picrosirius red staining. ZSF1 obese diabetic rats treated with RB394 had improved metabolic status, as assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) (right). RB394 also decreased kidney injury and nephrin expression was preserved in ZSF1 obese diabetic rats. Left panel is adapted from ref. 48, with permission. Right panel is adapted from ref. 46, with permission. # = P<0.05 versus control, * = P<0.05 versus UUO.