Scavenging of DPPH• (A), superoxide radical anions (B) and hydroxyl radicals (C) by three fullerenes, C60(C(COOH)2)2, C60(OH)22, and Gd@C82(OH)22. For DPPH• (A), samples contained 100 μM fullerenes, and 0.1 mM DPPH in 20% ethanol; and ESR spectra were recorded 5 min after sample mixing at room temperature. For superoxide radical anions (B), samples contained 20 mM BMPO, with and without 150 μM fullerenes, mixed with 1 mM xanthine, 0.05 mM DTPA and 0.1 unit/ml xanthine oxidase. Data were recorded 1.5 min after addition of XOD at room temperature. For hydroxyl radicals (C), samples contained 0. 5 mM DEPMPO, with and without 100 μM fullerenes, 0.2 mM H2O2 and 0.02 mM Fe2+. Data were recorded 5 min after addition of Fe2+ at room temperature.