Table 3.
Clinical and treatment characteristics of patients on hemodialysis with and without an undetected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection identified in the subsequent ≥3 d
| Variable | Unaffected Patients, Mean±SD; N | Coronavirus Disease 2019+ Patients, Mean±SD; N |
| Number of patients on HD | 29,324 | 11,166 |
| Pre-HD sitting SBP (mm Hg)a | 148.31±22.83; 29,324 | 146.03±23.03; 11,166 |
| Change in pre-HD sitting SBP (mm Hg)b | −0.40±15.78; 29,324 | −1.95±16.72; 11,166 |
| Pre-HD sitting DBP (mm Hg)a | 76.87±13.86; 29,322 | 75.44±13.58; 11,166 |
| Change in pre-HD sitting DBP (mm Hg)b | −0.32±9.03; 29,322 | −0.88±9.48; 11,166 |
| Pre-HD weight (kg)a | 85.71±24.51; 29,323 | 85.09±24.51; 11,165 |
| Change in pre-HD weight (kg)b | −0.17±2.24; 29,323 | −0.66±2.73; 11,165 |
| Pre-HD body temperature (°F)a | 97.56±0.61; 29,324 | 97.76±0.66; 11,166 |
| Change in pre-HD body temperature (°F)b | 0.07±0.56; 29,324 | 0.22±0.65; 11,166 |
| Post-HD sitting SBP (mm Hg)a | 140.40±21.60; 29,321 | 144.44±21.62; 11,166 |
| Change in post-HD sitting SBP (mm Hg)b | 0.43±14.98; 29,320 | 1.55±15.74; 11,166 |
| Post-HD sitting DBP (mm Hg)a | 73.91±12.58; 29,319 | 73.56±12.33; 11,166 |
| Change in post-HD sitting DBP (mm Hg)b | 0.15±8.49; 29,318 | 0.41±8.79; 11,166 |
| Post-HD body temperature (°F)a | 97.58±0.56; 29,318 | 97.70±0.62; 11,166 |
| Change in post-HD body temperature (°F)b | 0.03±0.50; 29,317 | 0.14±0.57; 11,165 |
| Pre-HD respirations per mina | 17.64±1.16; 29,324 | 17.72±1.15; 11,166 |
| Change in pre-HD respirations per minb | −0.001±0.97; 29,324 | 0.01±1.02; 11,166 |
| Pre-HD pulse (BPM)a | 79.00±12.11; 29,324 | 79.02±11.90; 11,166 |
| Change in pre-HD pulse (BPM)b | 0.11±7.26; 29,324 | 1.06±7.56, 11,166 |
| Post-HD respirations per mina | 17.56±1.15; 29,320 | 17.65±1.13; 11,165 |
| Change in post-HD respirations per minb | −0.007±0.95; 29,319 | 0.0004±0.99; 11,165 |
| Post-HD pulse (BPM)a | 75.80±11.23; 29,321 | 77.23±11.16; 11,166 |
| Change in post-HD pulse (BPM)b | −0.32±7.16; 29,320 | 1.30±7.87; 11,166 |
| IDWG (kg)a | 2.24±1.21; 29,083 | 1.95±1.29; 11,039 |
| Change in IDWG (kg)b | 0.01±0.90; 29,004 | −0.26±1.09; 10,991 |
| Post-HD weight loss (kg)a | −2.26±1.07; 29,317 | −2.06±1.07; 11,160 |
| Change in post-HD weight loss (kg)b | −0.01±0.68; 29,316 | 0.18±0.77; 11,159 |
| Post-HD body temperature changea | 0.01±0.66; 29,318 | −0.06±0.70; 11,165 |
| Change in post-HD body temperature changeb | −0.04±0.66; 29,317 | −0.07±0.71; 11,165 |
| Post-HD respirations per min changea | −0.08±0.97; 29,320 | −0.07±0.97; 11,165 |
| Change in post-HD respirations per min changeb | −0.01±1.04; 29,319 | −0.01±1.07; 11,165 |
| Post-HD pulse change (BPM)a | −3.20±8.86; 29,321 | −1.79±8.77; 11,166 |
| Change in post-HD pulse change (BPM)b | −0.43±7.75; 29,320 | 0.24±8.06; 11,166 |
| % HD treatments with nasal oxygen administereda | 5.23±18.52; 29,324 | 5.67±19.16; 11,166 |
| Change in % HD treatments with nasal oxygen administeredb | 0.37±13.40; 29,324 | 0.72±14.12; 11,166 |
All variables were included in the ML prediction model to classify the risk of an individual HD patient having a SARS-CoV-2 infection being identified in the following ≥3 d. (100°F−32) ×5/9=37.8°C. HD, hemodialysis; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BPM, beats per minute; IDWG, interdialytic weight gain; post-HD weight loss, post-HD minus pre-HD weight (kg); ML, machine learning; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Mean values of HD treatment variables 1–7 d before the prediction date (i.e., 3 d before suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in standard clinical practice).
Mean values of the difference in HD treatment variables 31–60 d to 1–7 d before the prediction date.