Table 4.

Etiology and treatment of hyponatremia for patients with initial serum sodium ≥115 mEq/L who experienced osmotic demyelination syndrome

Reference	Etiology of Hyponatremia	Treatment of Hyponatremia
Hu et al. (23)	Not mentioned by authors	NS at 1 L over 24 h
Pradhan et al. (17)	Not mentioned by authors, presumably from low solute intake	NS and salt tablets
Macmillan et al. (4)	Not mentioned by authors	Not mentioned by the authors
Pradhan et al. (17)	Salt restriction, persistent vomiting	NS, salt tablets, discontinuation of thiazide diuretic and enalapril
Zunga et al. (16)	Not mentioned by authors, presumably from viral gastroenteritis	Only mentions “supportive treatment” without specifics
Orakzai et al. (38)	Not mentioned by authors	No specific therapy given
Jahan et al. (39)	Not mentioned by authors, presumably from nonbloody diarrhea	Free water restriction and “gentle” intravenous fluid repletion with NS
Davenport et al. (21)	SIAD secondary to pneumonia	NS
Shah et al. (3)	Not mentioned by authors	Salt tablets and NS

NS, 0.9% sodium chloride; SIAD, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.