Anti SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody titers after first and second vaccination. Antibody titers >35.2 BAU/ml were considered a positive immune response to vaccination. Antibody titers below the detection limit were set to 1.0. Antibody titers after the (A) first and (B) second vaccination were significantly higher in controls compared with patients on dialysis and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Moreover, mean antibody titers after the second vaccination were significantly lower in KTRs compared with the dialysis group. For comparison of three groups, data were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis Test with post hoc Dunn test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.