Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Presence of PASC Symptoms
|
All (n=530) |
No PASC (n=296) |
PASC (n=234) |
p-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD)—years | 59.2 (16.2) | 59.9 (16.6) | 58.2 (15.7) | 0.21 |
| Female—no. (%) | 236 (44.5%) | 124 (41.9%) | 112 (47.9%) | 0.20 |
| Race/ethnicity—no. (%) | 0.11 | |||
| White | 155 (29.2%) | 82 (27.7%) | 73 (31.2%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 132 (24.9%) | 66 (22.3%) | 66 (28.2%) | |
| Black | 62 (11.7%) | 33 (11.1%) | 29 (12.4%) | |
| Asian | 79 (14.9%) | 53 (17.9%) | 26 (11.1%) | |
| Other | 102 (19.2%) | 62 (20.9%) | 40 (17.1%) | |
| Percent of patients living in a zip code with at least 25% of residents living below poverty line, +SD (missing 40) | 20.7% (13.7) | 21.1% (13.9) | 20.2% (13.6) | 0.49 |
| Current cigarette smoking or vaping—no. (%) | 18 (3.4%) | 8 (2.7%) | 10 (4.3%) | 0.45 |
| Severity of illness at presentation—no. (%) | ||||
| Emergency room only | 73 (13.8%) | 40 (13.5%) | 33 (14.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalized without mechanical ventilation | 376 (70.9%) | 229 (77.4%) | 147 (62.8%) | |
| Hospitalized with mechanical ventilation | 81 (15.3%) | 27 (9.1%) | 54 (23.1%) | |
| Pre-COVID cardiopulmonary condition—no. (%) | 320 (60.4%) | 171 (57.8%) | 149 (63.7%) | |
| Asthma | 55 (10.4%) | 24 (8.1%) | 31 (13.2%) | 0.08 |
| COPD or ILD | 19 (3.6%) | 10 (3.4%) | 9 (3.8%) | 0.96 |
| Heart failure | 23 (4.3%) | 15 (5.1%) | 8 (3.4%) | 0.48 |
| Coronary artery disease | 52 (9.8%) | 33 (11.1%) | 19 (8.1%) | 0.31 |
| Hypertension | 266 (50.2%) | 151 (51.0%) | 115 (49.1%) | 0.73 |
| Pre-COVID non-cardiopulmonary condition—no. (%) | 90 (17%) | 60 (20.3%) | 30 (12.8%) | |
| Active cancer | 15 (2.8%) | 8 (2.7%) | 7 (3.0%) | >0.99 |
| Renal disease (CKD or ESRD) | 44 (8.3%) | 33 (11.1%) | 11 (4.7%) | 0.012 |
| Diabetes | 146 (27.5%) | 87 (29.4%) | 59 (25.2%) | 0.33 |
| HIV | 10 (1.9%) | 3 (1.0%) | 7 (3.0%) | 0.12 |
| Obesity (BMI >30) (missing 28) | 158 (31.5%) | 76 (27.0%) | 82 (37.1%) | 0.021 |
| Pregnancy | 15 (2.8%) | 11 (3.7%) | 4 (1.7%) | 0.26 |
| Organ transplant | 20 (3.8%) | 15 (5.1%) | 5 (2.1%) | 0.13 |
| Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis) | 13 (2.5%) | 10 (3.4%) | 3 (1.3%) | 0.21 |
| Stroke or cerebrovascular disease | 28 (5.3%) | 23 (7.8%) | 5 (2.1%) | 0.007 |
Abbreviations: PASCpost-acute sequelae of COVID-19, BMI body mass index, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ESRDend-stage renal disease, ILD interstitial lung disease, SD standard deviation
#p<0.05 in bold