Figure 2. DR increases mitochondrial respiration.

BY4741 cells were grown to mid-log phase in either 2% or 0.05% glucose, and injected into sealed chambers of a high-resolution Oxygraph-2k respirometer. Respiration was then measured through oxygen consumption in these chambers. The inhibitors TET, FCCP and antimycin A were injected into each chamber at set intervals to diminish specific mitochondrial functions in order to calculate the cell's routine mitochondrial respiration (standard activity), mitochondrial leak (activity without active ATP synthase), maximal mitochondrial activity (if electrons could free flow through respiration) and non-mitochondrial respiration (NMR). (A) Quantification of respiratory activity from three independent experiments demonstrates that all three mitochondrial respiration functions are increased by DR (* P < 0.05). (B) Example Oxygraph traces from one of the three replicate experiments. The blue line indicates the oxygen consumption, while the green line shows the relative activity of the mitochondria based on the speed of oxygen consumption.