Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the mitochondrial translation cycle. Mitochondrial protein synthesis follows the four steps of translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling (for details see main text). Translation factors are depicted as follows: mtIF2, light blue; mtIF3, brown; mtEFTu, purple; mtEFTs, magenta; mtEFG1, Orange; mtRF1a, red; mtRRF, dark blue; mtEFG2, pink; MALSU1 module, turquoise; GTP and GDP are shown as red and Orange circle, respectively. Most of the depicted states were structurally resolved by cryo-EM (for PDB codes and further details, see Table 1). The MALSU1 module composed of MALSU1, L0R8F8 and mtACP may act as an anti-association factor during ribosome recycling.