Table 2.
Characteristics of Exposed and Unexposed Controls at Index Date: Asthma Patients Aged 20–59 Years in CPRD GOLD 1995–2015
| Exposed (n=2909) | Unexposed (n=1763) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Index (years) | |||
| 20–29 | 176 (6.1%) | 168 (9.5%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 30–39 | 392 (13.5%) | 436 (24.7%) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| 40–49 | 665 (22.9%) | 471 (26.7%) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) |
| 50–59 | 1676 (57.6%) | 688 (39.0%) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1213 (41.7%) | 719 (40.8%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Female | 1696 (58.3%) | 1044 (59.2%) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| <18 | 30 (1.0%) | 18 (1.0%) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| 18–24 | 928 (31.9%) | 598 (33.9%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 25–30 | 859 (29.5%) | 498 (28.3%) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| >30 | 852 (29.3%) | 432 (24.5%) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Unknown | 240 (8.3%) | 217 (12.3%) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) |
| Smoking Status | |||
| Non-smoker | 1351 (46.4%) | 868 (49.2) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Current smoker | 596 (20.5%) | 393 (22.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) |
| Past-smoker | 898 (30.9%) | 444 (25.2) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Unknown | 64 (2.2%) | 58 (3.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Phlebitis | 51 (1.8%) | 15 (0.9%) | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) |
| Drug abuse | 10 (0.3%) | 9 (0.5%) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) |
| Hypertension | 611 (21.0%) | 231 (13.1%) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) |
| Diabetes | 138 (4.7%) | 51 (2.9%) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 345 (11.9%) | 150 (8.5%) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
| Alcohol abuse | 33 (1.1%) | 15 (0.9%) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) |
| COPD | 293 (10.1%) | 34 (1.9) | 5.7 (4.0–8.2) |
| Epilepsy | 12 (0.4%) | NR | 2.4 (0.7–8.6) |
| HRT or OCP Use | |||
| <90 days before index | 253 (8.7%) | 129 (7.3%) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
Notes: Categorical variables are presented as N (%). Exposed = glucocorticoid use less than 1 year prior to the index date; Unexposed = glucocorticoid use 1 year or more prior to the index date; Current use = glucocorticoid use that continued to the index date; Recent use = glucocorticoid use less than 180 days prior to the index date; Past use= glucocorticoid use 180 days-less than 1 year prior to the index date.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; OCP, oral contraceptive pills; NA, not applicable; NR, not reportable.