Table 5.
Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Association Between Glucocorticoid Exposure and Venous Thromboembolism by Timing of Use and Route of Administration: Asthma Patients Aged 20–59 Years in CPRD GOLD 1995–2015
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/Controls | Model 1a OR (95% CI) | Model 2b OR (95% CI) | Model 3c OR (95% CI) | |
| Recency and Route of Glucocorticoid Prescriptions | ||||
| Unexposed | 296/1763 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Systemic | 171/281 | 3.8 (3.0–4.8) | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) |
| Inhaled | 701/2628 | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) |
| Current Use | 670/1992 | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) |
| Systemic | 142/177 | 5.2 (4.0–6.8) | 4.9 (3.7–6.5) | 4.8 (3.7–6.4) |
| Inhaled | 528/1815 | 1.8 (1.6–2.2) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
| Recent Use | 118/495 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
| Systemic | 14/51 | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 1.6 (0.8–2.9) | 1.6 (0.8–2.9) |
| Inhaled | 104/444 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
| Past Use | 84/422 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| Systemic | 15/53 | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) |
| Inhaled | 69/369 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
Notes: aUnadjusted. bAdjusted for phlebitis, COPD, diabetes, BMI, smoking. Conditional on the matching factors. cAdjusted for phlebitis, COPD, diabetes, BMI, smoking, hormone replacement/OCP, epilepsy, alcohol. Conditional on the matching factors. Unexposed = glucocorticoid use 1 year or more prior to the index date; Current use = glucocorticoid use 30 days or less prior to the index date; Recent use = glucocorticoid use 90 days–less than 180 days prior to the index date; Past use = glucocorticoid use 180 days–less than 1 year prior to the index date.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.