Table 3.
Summary of Light Penetration Strategies
| Materials | Light Penetration Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| N-doped GQDs/adjusting g-C3N4 size | Two-photon excitation | [84,123] |
| g-C3N5/Zn2+ and K+-doped g-C3N4 | Decrease bandgap | [86,87] |
| g-C3N4/UCNPs | Conversion of NIR into ultraviolet and visible light | [164,165] |
| g-C3N4 QDs | Microwave induction | [85] |
| BP/Bi2O3 | Cherenkov radiation of X-ray | [167] |
| MEH-PPV | Chemiluminescence | [171] |
| (p-Phenylene vinylene) derivative | Bioluminescence | [172] |
Abbreviations: MEH-PPV, poly(2-methoxy-5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-p-phenylene vinylene); GQDs, graphene quantum dots; NIR, near-infrared; QDs, quantum dots.