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. 2022 Jan 25;155:110737. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110737

Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics and measures among the total participants and the missing group at time 1.


Total participants
Missing group
Statistical analysis

N = 1468
N = 1240
N/Mean %/SD N/Mean %/SD χ2/t p φ/d
Age (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) 52.60 ± 15.82 45.10 ± 15.98 12.23 < 0.001 0.47
Sex
 Male 805 54.8 549 44.3 30.00 < 0.001 0.11
 Female 663 45.2 691 55.7
Residential areas
 Not under mild lockdown 740 50.4 639 51.5 0.34 0.56 0.01
 Under mild lockdown 728 49.6 601 48.5
Underlying disease
 Without 1270 86.5 1119 90.2 9.00 0.003 0.06
 With 198 13.5 121 9.8
Marital status
 Single 615 41.9 601 48.5 11.74 < 0.001 0.07
 Married 853 58.1 639 51.5
Children
 Without 636 43.3 667 53.8 29.50 < 0.001 0.10
 With 832 56.7 573 46.2
Household income
 < 2 million JPY 211 14.4 88 13.5 11.92 0.02 0.07
 2–4 million JPY 427 29.1 202 30.9
 4–6 million JPY 337 23.0 165 25.2
 6–8 million JPY 198 13.5 105 16.1
 > 8 million JPY 295 20.1 94 14.4
Employment status
 Full-time worker 536 36.5 420 33.9 3.48 0.32 0.04
 No regular employment 468 31.9 408 32.9
 Homemaker 199 13.6 193 15.6
 Not working 265 18.1 219 17.7
Economically impacted
 Unimpacted 807 55.0 664 53.5 1.38 0.50 0.02
 Negative impact 616 42.0 544 43.9
 Positive impact 45 3.1 32 2.6
PHQ-9 (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) 5.0 5.3 5.7 5. 6 3.6 < 0.001 0.14
STAXI (Mean ± SD, t-test, d)
 State Anger 15.09 5.42 15.28 5.33 0.92 0.36 0.04
 Anger Control 19.12 3.94 19.06 4.14 0.39 0.69 0.02
Brief COPE (Mean ± SD, t-test, d)
 Self-distraction 4.64 1.36 4.77 1.37 2.51 0.01 0.10
 Active coping 5.27 1.32 5.24 1.28 0.66 0.51 0.03
 Denial 3.21 1.24 3.06 1.23 3.17 0.002 0.12
 Substance use 3.25 1.55 3.14 1.52 1.91 0.06 0.07
 Emotional support 4.01 1.43 4.14 1.47 2.36 0.02 0.09
 Instrumental support 3.98 1.47 4.16 1.49 3.14 0.002 0.12
 Behavioral disengagement 3.83 1.30 3.93 1.33 2.06 0.04 0.08
 Venting 3.99 1.31 4.14 1.38 3.00 0.003 0.12
 Positive reframing 4.75 1.43 4.75 1.41 0.01 0.99 0.00
 Planning 5.09 1.41 5.04 1.37 1.05 0.30 0.04
 Humor 3.70 1.36 3.66 1.35 0.78 0.43 0.03
 Acceptance 5.95 1.36 6.01 1.27 1.22 0.22 0.05
 Religion 3.28 1.41 3.21 1.35 1.46 0.14 0.06
 Self-blame 3.48 1.37 3.57 1.44 1.60 0.11 0.06