Table 1.
Total participants |
Missing group |
Statistical analysis |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 1468 |
N = 1240 |
||||||
N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | χ2/t | p | φ/d | |
Age (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) | 52.60 | ± 15.82 | 45.10 | ± 15.98 | 12.23 | < 0.001 | 0.47 |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 805 | 54.8 | 549 | 44.3 | 30.00 | < 0.001 | 0.11 |
Female | 663 | 45.2 | 691 | 55.7 | |||
Residential areas | |||||||
Not under mild lockdown | 740 | 50.4 | 639 | 51.5 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.01 |
Under mild lockdown | 728 | 49.6 | 601 | 48.5 | |||
Underlying disease | |||||||
Without | 1270 | 86.5 | 1119 | 90.2 | 9.00 | 0.003 | 0.06 |
With | 198 | 13.5 | 121 | 9.8 | |||
Marital status | |||||||
Single | 615 | 41.9 | 601 | 48.5 | 11.74 | < 0.001 | 0.07 |
Married | 853 | 58.1 | 639 | 51.5 | |||
Children | |||||||
Without | 636 | 43.3 | 667 | 53.8 | 29.50 | < 0.001 | 0.10 |
With | 832 | 56.7 | 573 | 46.2 | |||
Household income | |||||||
< 2 million JPY | 211 | 14.4 | 88 | 13.5 | 11.92 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
2–4 million JPY | 427 | 29.1 | 202 | 30.9 | |||
4–6 million JPY | 337 | 23.0 | 165 | 25.2 | |||
6–8 million JPY | 198 | 13.5 | 105 | 16.1 | |||
> 8 million JPY | 295 | 20.1 | 94 | 14.4 | |||
Employment status | |||||||
Full-time worker | 536 | 36.5 | 420 | 33.9 | 3.48 | 0.32 | 0.04 |
No regular employment | 468 | 31.9 | 408 | 32.9 | |||
Homemaker | 199 | 13.6 | 193 | 15.6 | |||
Not working | 265 | 18.1 | 219 | 17.7 | |||
Economically impacted | |||||||
Unimpacted | 807 | 55.0 | 664 | 53.5 | 1.38 | 0.50 | 0.02 |
Negative impact | 616 | 42.0 | 544 | 43.9 | |||
Positive impact | 45 | 3.1 | 32 | 2.6 | |||
PHQ-9 (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5. 6 | 3.6 | < 0.001 | 0.14 |
STAXI (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) | |||||||
State Anger | 15.09 | 5.42 | 15.28 | 5.33 | 0.92 | 0.36 | 0.04 |
Anger Control | 19.12 | 3.94 | 19.06 | 4.14 | 0.39 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
Brief COPE (Mean ± SD, t-test, d) | |||||||
Self-distraction | 4.64 | 1.36 | 4.77 | 1.37 | 2.51 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
Active coping | 5.27 | 1.32 | 5.24 | 1.28 | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.03 |
Denial | 3.21 | 1.24 | 3.06 | 1.23 | 3.17 | 0.002 | 0.12 |
Substance use | 3.25 | 1.55 | 3.14 | 1.52 | 1.91 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
Emotional support | 4.01 | 1.43 | 4.14 | 1.47 | 2.36 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Instrumental support | 3.98 | 1.47 | 4.16 | 1.49 | 3.14 | 0.002 | 0.12 |
Behavioral disengagement | 3.83 | 1.30 | 3.93 | 1.33 | 2.06 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
Venting | 3.99 | 1.31 | 4.14 | 1.38 | 3.00 | 0.003 | 0.12 |
Positive reframing | 4.75 | 1.43 | 4.75 | 1.41 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.00 |
Planning | 5.09 | 1.41 | 5.04 | 1.37 | 1.05 | 0.30 | 0.04 |
Humor | 3.70 | 1.36 | 3.66 | 1.35 | 0.78 | 0.43 | 0.03 |
Acceptance | 5.95 | 1.36 | 6.01 | 1.27 | 1.22 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
Religion | 3.28 | 1.41 | 3.21 | 1.35 | 1.46 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
Self-blame | 3.48 | 1.37 | 3.57 | 1.44 | 1.60 | 0.11 | 0.06 |