Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Enrolled With Physicians Who Transitioned to Team Capitation and Nonteam Capitation Between 2007 and 2013, Stratified by Rurality
| Big Cities | Small Towns | Rural Areas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total (N = 2,524,124) | Team (n = 387,607) | Nonteam (n = 1,399,103) | Team (n = 213,394) | Nonteam (n = 380,009) | Team (n = 65,289) | Nonteam (n = 78,722) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48.8 (17.3) | 46.9 (17.4) | 48.6 (17.3) | 50.1 (17.4) | 49.8 (17.2) | 50.5 (17.3) | 50.6 (17.0) |
| Age group, No. (%) | |||||||
| 19-44 years | 1,064,120 (42.2) | 185,101 (47.8) | 598,969 (42.8) | 82,145 (38.5) | 146,004 (38.4) | 24,147 (37.0) | 27,754 (35.3) |
| 45-64 years | 967,324 (38.3) | 135,925 (35.1) | 531,538 (38.0) | 85,103 (39.9) | 154,357 (40.6) | 26,514 (40.6) | 33,887 (43.0) |
| ≥65 years | 492,680 (19.5) | 66,581 (17.2) | 268,596 (19.2) | 46,146 (21.6) | 79,648 (21.0) | 14,628 (22.4) | 17,081 (21.7) |
| Female, No. (%) | 1,392,513 (55.2) | 223,637 (57.7) | 770,943 (55.1) | 117,335 (55.0) | 203,019 (53.4) | 36,163 (55.4) | 41,416 (52.6) |
| Morbidity, No. (%) | |||||||
| 0 RUB (none) | 83,116 (3.3) | 9,432 (2.4) | 48,766 (3.5) | 6,661 (3.1) | 13,594 (3.6) | 1,712 (2.6) | 2,951 (3.7) |
| 1 RUB | 117,770 (4.7) | 16,954 (4.4) | 65,169 (4.7) | 9,620 (4.5) | 19,236 (5.1) | 2,941 (4.5) | 3,850 (4.9) |
| 2 RUB | 397,301 (15.7) | 60,932 (15.7) | 217,742 (15.6) | 32,934 (15.4) | 62,304 (16.4) | 10,315 (15.8) | 13,074 (16.6) |
| 3 RUB | 1,409,699 (55.8) | 216,123 (55.8) | 787,492 (56.3) | 117,291 (55.0) | 209,203 (55.1) | 35,778 (54.8) | 43,812 (55.7) |
| 4 RUB | 393,209 (15.6) | 64,734 (16.7) | 215,365 (15.4) | 34,597 (16.2) | 56,496 (14.9) | 10,831 (16.6) | 11,186 (14.2) |
| 5 RUB (high) | 123,029 (4.9) | 19,432 (5.0) | 64,569 (4.6) | 12,291 (5.8) | 19,176 (5.0) | 3,712 (5.7) | 3,849 (4.9) |
| Comorbidity, No. (%) | |||||||
| No health care use | 83,132 (3.3) | 9,434 (2.4) | 48,775 (3.5) | 6,662 (3.1) | 13,597 (3.6) | 1,713 (2.6) | 2,951 (3.7) |
| 1-4 ADG (low) | 1,034,648 (41.0) | 156,831 (40.5) | 556,057 (39.7) | 91,078 (42.7) | 165,481 (43.5) | 28,966 (44.4) | 36,235 (46.0) |
| 5-9 ADG | 1,139,347 (45.1) | 178,458 (46.0) | 639,695 (45.7) | 93,927 (44.0) | 165,313 (43.5) | 28,617 (43.8) | 33,337 (42.3) |
| ≥10 ADG (high) | 266,997 (10.6) | 42,884 (11.1) | 154,576 (11.0) | 21,727 (10.2) | 35,618 (9.4) | 5,993 (9.2) | 6,199 (7.9) |
| Recent immigration (past 10 years), No. (%) | 141,617 (5.6) | 29,229 (7.5) | 98,386 (7.0) | 4,060 (1.9) | 7,281 (1.9) | 1,016 (1.6) | 1,645 (2.1) |
| Income quintile, No. (%) | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 401,788 (15.9) | 69,877 (18.0) | 227,491 (16.3) | 31,298 (14.7) | 45,227 (11.9) | 14,963 (22.9) | 12,932 (16.4) |
| Q2 | 455,529 (18.0) | 70,199 (18.1) | 252,220 (18.0) | 36,878 (17.3) | 62,199 (16.4) | 15,838 (24.3) | 18,195 (23.1) |
| Q3 | 490,449 (19.4) | 73,231 (18.9) | 264,609 (18.9) | 44,084 (20.7) | 79,038 (20.8) | 14,047 (21.5) | 15,440 (19.6) |
| Q4 | 558,640 (22.1) | 84,190 (21.7) | 298,542 (21.3) | 51,299 (24.0) | 98,129 (25.8) | 10,573 (16.2) | 15,907 (20.2) |
| Q5 (highest) | 609,691 (24.2) | 89,012 (23.0) | 353,507 (25.3) | 49,299 (23.1) | 94,818 (25.0) | 8,651 (13.3) | 14,404 (18.3) |
| Missing | 8,027 (0.3) | 1,098 (0.3) | 2,734 (0.2) | 536 (0.3) | 598 (0.2) | 1,217 (1.9) | 1,844 (2.3) |
| Year of transition, No. (%) | |||||||
| 2006-2007 | 134,819 (5.3) | 56,707 (14.6) | 589 (0.0) | 54,684 (25.6) | 205 (0.1) | 22,594 (34.6) | 40 (0.1) |
| 2007-2008 | 339,919 (13.5) | 95,676 (24.7) | 113,226 (8.1) | 38,020 (17.8) | 64,554 (17.0) | 10,736 (16.4) | 17,707 (22.5) |
| 2008-2009 | 731,873 (29.0) | 75,870 (19.6) | 422,253 (30.2) | 38,896 (18.2) | 152,336 (40.1) | 8,287 (12.7) | 34,231 (43.5) |
| 2009-2010 | 461,777 (18.3) | 48,807 (12.6) | 288,494 (20.6) | 22,450 (10.5) | 79,893 (21.0) | 4,602 (7.0) | 17,531 (22.3) |
| 2010-2011 | 400,493 (15.9) | 33,111 (8.5) | 278,884 (19.9) | 30,941 (14.5) | 45,492 (12.0) | 8,075 (12.4) | 3,990 (5.1) |
| 2011-2012 | 336,868 (13.3) | 54,795 (14.1) | 220,486 (15.8) | 21,703 (10.2) | 28,312 (7.5) | 8,393 (12.9) | 3,179 (4.0) |
| 2012-2013 | 118,375 (4.7) | 22,641 (5.8) | 75,171 (5.4) | 6,700 (3.1) | 9,217 (2.4) | 2,602 (4.0) | 2,044 (2.6) |
ADG = adjusted diagnosis groups; Q = quintile; RUB = resource utilization band.