Table 3.
The estimations of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy for MR results.
| Outcomes | Exposures | IVW | MR-Egger | MR-PRESSO | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q-statistic | p value | Q-statistic | p value | Egger intercept | p value | p for global test | ||
| Stroke | Vit. C (ascorbate) | 30.83 | 3.16E − 04 | 30.26 | 1.90E − 04 | 0.008 (-0.033-0.049) | 7.07E − 01 | <1.00E − 03 |
| Vit. E (α-tocopherol) | 5.90 | 2.07E − 01 | 2.05 | 8.43E − 01 | 0.014 (-0.034-0.062) | 6.11E − 01 | 2.69E − 01 | |
| Vit. E (γ-tocopherol) | 6.56 | 3.64E − 01 | 6.48 | 2.62E − 01 | -0.005 (-0.042-0.033) | 8.16E − 01 | 3.75E − 01 | |
| Carotene | 19.24 | 8.30E − 02 | 19.00 | 6.12E − 02 | -0.004 (-0.023-0.016) | 7.20E − 01 | 9.20E − 02 | |
| Vit. A (retinol) | 8.07 | 3.27E − 01 | 6.97 | 3.24E − 01 | -0.012 (-0.037-0.012) | 3.68E − 01 | 3.60E − 01 | |
| Zinc | 5.44 | 6.07E − 01 | 2.15 | 9.05E − 01 | 0.022 (-0.002-0.045) | 1.20E − 01 | 5.43E − 01 | |
| Selenium | 2.79 | 7.31E − 01 | 2.38 | 6.66E − 01 | -0.006 (-0.024-0.012) | 5.56E − 01 | 7.17E − 01 | |
| Ischemic stroke | Vit. C (ascorbate) | 33.50 | 1.09E − 04 | 32.95 | 6.29E − 05 | 0.008 (-0.037-0.053) | 7.25E − 01 | 1.00E − 03 |
| Vit. E (α-tocopherol) | 4.74 | 3.15E − 01 | 4.62 | 2.02E − 01 | 0.007 (-0.040-0.053) | 8.00E − 01 | 3.27E − 01 | |
| Vit. E (γ-tocopherol) | 5.31 | 5.05E − 01 | 5.31 | 3.79E − 01 | -0.001 (-0.037-0.036) | 9.78E − 01 | 5.47E − 01 | |
| Carotene | 12.80 | 3.06E − 01 | 12.63 | 2.45E − 01 | -0.003 (-0.021-0.015) | 7.16E − 01 | 3.36E − 01 | |
| Vit. A (retinol) | 9.05 | 2.49E − 01 | 8.40 | 2.10E − 01 | -0.010 (-0.039-0.019) | 5.23E − 01 | 2.88E − 01 | |
| Zinc | 5.63 | 5.84E − 01 | 2.31 | 8.89E − 01 | 0.024 (-0.002-0.049) | 1.18E − 01 | 5.10E − 01 | |
| Selenium | 2.05 | 8.43E − 01 | 1.93 | 7.48E − 01 | -0.003 (-0.022-0.016) | 7.52E − 01 | 8.32E − 01 | |
Vit: vitamin; MR: Mendelian randomization; IVW: inverse-variance weighted.