Table 1.
Characteristics of the included patients.
| Variables | All patients (n = 24166) | RPR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.093 (n = 15509) | ≥0.093 (n = 8657) | |||
| Demographic features | ||||
| Age (years) | 68 (56-78) | 67 (55-77) | 68 (57-78) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 13897 (57.5) | 8745 (56.4) | 5152 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| Caucasian ethnicity, n (%) | 17338 (71.7) | 11163 (72.0) | 6175 (71.3) | 0.283 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 7823 (32.4) | 4956 (32.0) | 2867 (33.1) | 0.064 |
| Chronic pulmonary, n (%) | 5759 (23.8) | 3819 (24.6) | 1940 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 7587 (31.4) | 5012 (32.3) | 2575 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 1776 (7.3) | 1303 (8.4) | 473 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 23.5 (21-26) | 24 (21.5-26.5) | 23.5 (20-25.5) | 0.061 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.4-1.15) | 0.55 (0.4-0.9) | 0.9 (0.5-2.0) | <0.001 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 105 (101.5-108) | 105 (101.5-108) | 106.5 (101.5-109) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 136.5 (116-165.5) | 137.5 (117.5-167) | 134.5 (114-163) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 32 (28.6-36) | 33 (29.5-36.9) | 30.4 (27.5-34) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.7 (9.55-12.1) | 11.05 (9.8-12.5) | 10.2 (9.2-11.4) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.85 (1.35-2.65) | 1.8 (1.3-2.5) | 2.0 (1.4-3.0) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (3.85-4.65) | 4.2 (3.85-4.6) | 4.2 (3.9-4.7) | 0.128 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.5 (136-140.5) | 138.5 (136-140.5) | 138 (136-140.5) | 0.294 |
| WBC (109/L) | 11.2 (8.35-14.9) | 11.75 (9.1-15.5) | 10 (7.1-13.9) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte (%) | 11.5 (6.9-18.4) | 11.7 (7-18.5) | 11.2 (6.3-18.4) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophile (%) | 80 (71.1-86.9) | 80.5 (71.9-87) | 79.3 (70-86.6) | <0.001 |
| APTT (seconds) | 32.2 (27.3-42) | 30.6 (26.4-39) | 35.5 (29.5-46.5) | <0.001 |
| INR (seconds) | 1.3 (1.15-1.6) | 1.25 (1.1-1.45) | 1.4 (1.2-1.75) | <0.001 |
| RDW (%) | 14.8 (13.8-16.4) | 14.4 (13.5-15.7) | 15.7 (14.4-17.5) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 200 (146-267.5) | 234.5 (195-288) | 129 (100-153.5) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 7.5 (4.2-12.5) | 6.2 (3.0-10.8) | 10.2 (5.8-15.5) | <0.001 |
| PLR | 159 (39.5-211) | 132.4 (24.5-182) | 191 (43.7-255) | <0.001 |
| Scoring systems | ||||
| SOFA | 4 (2-7) | 4 (2-5) | 6 (4-8) | <0.001 |
| SAPS II | 36 (24-46) | 34 (27-44) | 40 (32-50) | <0.001 |
| Therapies | ||||
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 1310 (5.4) | 637 (4.1) | 673 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 13457 (55.7) | 8339 (53.8) | 5118 (59.1) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor use, n (%) | 10532 (55.7) | 6186 (39.9) | 4346 (50.2) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 115 (106-128) | 116 (107-129) | 113 (105-125) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 59 (53-66) | 59 (53-66) | 58 (52-64) | <0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.8 (36.4-37.2) | 36.8 (36.5-37.2) | 36.8 (36.4-37.2) | 0.521 |
| Respiratory rate (beats/min) | 18 (16-21) | 18 (16-21) | 18 (16-21) | 0.779 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 85 (75-96) | 85 (75-95) | 85 (75-96) | 0.505 |
| SpO2 (%) | 97.6 (96.2-98.7) | 97.5 (96.1-98.7) | 97.6 (96.2-98.8) | 0.071 |
| Renal function | ||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.05 (0.8-1.6) | 1.0 (0.75-1.45) | 1.15 (0.8-1.95) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.5 (14.5-33.5) | 19 (13.5-30) | 23.5 (16-39.5) | <0.001 |
| AKI stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Stage 1 | 7010 (29.0) | 4664 (30.1) | 2346 (27.1) | |
| Stage 2 | 12015 (49.7) | 8065 (52.0) | 3950 (45.6) | |
| Stage 3 | 5141 (21.3) | 2780 (17.9) | 2361 (27.3) | |
APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; AKI: acute kidney injury; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; INR: international normalized ratio; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet to lymphocyte ratio; RDW: red cell distribution width; RPR: red cell distribution width to platelet ratio; SAPS II: simplified acute physiology score II; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; SpO2: oxygen saturation; WBC: white blood cell.