Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studiesa
| First author, year | Country, Continent | Design | CHR-P sample size | CHR-P subgroups | Age: mean (s.d.), range [years] | Sex: % female | CHR-P assessment tools | Total duration of follow-up [months] | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addington et al. (2011) | USA | Longitudinal cohort | 303 | N.a. | 18 (4.9), 12–36 | 44.0 | SIPS/SOPS | 30 | 4 |
| Addington et al. (2019) | Multi | Longitudinal cohort | 278 | N.a. | 18,8 (4.4) | 44.4 | SIPS/SOPS | 24 | 4 |
| Armando et al. (2015) | Italy | Longitudinal cohort | 35 | 82.9% APS, 14.3% BLIPS, 11.4% GRD | 13.8 (2.1), 9–17 | 48.6 | SIPS/SOPS | 12 | 5 |
| Beck et al. (2019b) | Switzerland | Longitudinal cohort | 255 | N.a. | 24.1 (8.2), 14–57 | 59.0 | SIPS/SOPS | 192 | 3 |
| Cannon et al. (2015) | Multi | Longitudinal cohort | 274 | N.a. | 19.6 (4.2) | 37.6 | SIPS/SOPS | 12 | 5 |
| Chen et al. (2016) | China | Longitudinal cohort | 63 | 100% APS | 21.9 (4.5), 14–30 | 47.6 | SIPS/SOPS | 6 | 4 |
| Cotter et al. (2017) | Australia | Longitudinal cohort | 268 | 70.5% APS, 11.2% BLIPS, 24.6% GRD | 18.6 (2.3), 15–30 | 48.9 | CAARMS | 178.4 | 5 |
| de Wit et al. (2014) | Netherlands | Longitudinal cohort | 44 | N.a. | 14.9; 2.2, 12–18 | 47.1 | SIPS/SOPS | 72 | 4 |
| Falkenberg et al. (2017) | UK | Longitudinal cohort | 34 | N.a. | 22.0, 14–35 | 29.4 | CAARMS | 24 | 4 |
| Guo et al. (2019) | USA | Longitudinal cohort | 117 | N.a. | 16.6 (3.5), 12–25 | 42.7 | SIPS/SOPS | 12 | 4 |
| Kline et al. (2016) | USA | Longitudinal cohort | 21 | N.a. | 16.2 (3.1), 12–22 | 65.0 | SIPS/SOPS | 6 | 3 |
| Landa et al. (2016) | USA | Longitudinal cohort | 6 | 66.7% APS, 16.7% BLIPS, 16.7% GRD | 19.5 (1.5), 16–21 | 66.7 | CAARMS | 6.7 | 3 |
| Lemos-Giráldez et al. (2009) | Spain | Longitudinal cohort | 61 | 85.2% APS, 4.9% BLIPS, 9.8% GRD | 21.7 (3.8), 15–31 | 34.4 | SIPS/SOPS | 36 | 5 |
| Lin et al. (2013) | Australia | Longitudinal cohort | 325 | 79.7% APS, 13.5% BLIPS, 28.6% GRD | 19.1 (3.3), 15–30 | 52.9 | CAARMS | 178.3b | 5 |
| Michel et al. (2018) | Germany | Longitudinal cohort | 194 | 95.9% APS, 12.9% BLIPS, 1.0% GRD, 34.5% BS | 25.3 (5.9), 16.6–39.7 | 37.0 | SIPS/SOPS | 55.9b | 4 |
| Mittal et al. (2010) | USA | Longitudinal cohort | 90 | N.a. | 15.6 (3.0), 11–29 | 32.2 | SIPS/SOPS | 24 | 5 |
| Mongan et al. (2020) | Multi | Longitudinal cohort | 133 | N.a. | 22.6 (4.5) | 49.0 | CAARMS | 24 | 6 |
| Pelizza et al. (2019) | Italy | Longitudinal cohort | 55 | 90.9% APS, 5.5% BLIPS. 30.9% GRD | 18.4 (4.9), 13–35 | 49.2 | CAARMS, PANSS | 12 | 6 |
| Phillips et al. (2007) | Australia | Randomised clinical trial | 17 | N.a. | N.a., 14–30 | N.a. | BPRS, SANS | 48 | 5 |
| Rüsch et al. (2015) | Switzerland | Longitudinal cohort | 172 | N.a. | 21.4 (5.8), 13–35 | 41.0 | SIPS/SOPS | 12 | 3 |
| Rutigliano et al. (2016) | UK | Longitudinal cohort | 154 | 83.8% APS, 16.2% BLIPS | 23.4 (4.6), 14–35 | 39.6 | CAARMS | 120 | 4 |
| Ryan et al. (2017) | Australia | Longitudinal cohort | 180 | 83.3% APS, 2.8% BLIPS, 23.3% GRD | 18.2 (2.7), 15–24 | 62.8 | CAARMS | 12 | 5 |
| Sawada et al. (2017) | Japan | Longitudinal cohort | 47 | N.a. | 19.9, 3.5, 12–30 | 52.9 | SIPS/SOPS | 54 | 5 |
| Shi et al. (2016) | China | Longitudinal cohort | 32 | N.a. | 18.8 (1.1) | 59.4 | SIPS/SOPS | 6 | 5 |
| Velthorst et al. (2011) | Netherlands | Longitudinal cohort | 77 | N.a. | 19.2 (3.8), 12–35 | 33.8 | SIPS/SOPS | 36 | 5 |
| Yee et al. (2018) | Singapore | Longitudinal cohort | 211 | N.a. | 21.8 (3.6), 14–29 | 32.4 | CAARMS | 24 | 3 |
| Zhang et al. (2017) | China | Longitudinal cohort | 117 | 78.6% APS, 3.4% BLIPS, 23.1% GRD | 24.7 (7.6), 15–45 | 52.1 | SIPS/SOPS | 28.3b | 4 |
| Ziermans et al. (2011) | Netherlands | Longitudinal cohort | 72 | N.a. | 15.3 (1.9), 12–18 | 38.9 | SIPS/SOPS | 24 | 4 |
APS, Attenuated Psychosis Symptoms; BLIPS, Brief Limited Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms; BS, Basic symptoms; CAARMS, Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States; CHR-P, Clinical high risk of psychosis; GRD, Genetic risk and deterioration syndrome; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SIPS, Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes.
a
Overlapping samples can contribute with different outcomes.
b
Mean duration of follow-up.