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. 2022 Mar 3;185(5):881–895.e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Auto-antibodies anticorrelate with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and are associated with distinct patterns of PASC

(A) Heatmap showing the IgM at T1, IgG at T1, and IgG at T3 for each autoantibody annotated at the top. Each row represents a patient. Only patients with measured autoantibody levels above 2 standard deviations (σ) of healthy individuals are shown.

(B) Two aligned correlation matrices assembled from INCOV (upper right) and HAARVI cohorts (lower left). Each square represents the correlation coefficient between an antibody pair specified by the diagonal annotations. p values of these correlations are displayed in asterisks if <0.05. ∗p value < 0.05, ∗∗p value < 0.01, ∗∗∗p value < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p value < 0.0001. N, nucleocapsid protein; S, spike protein; R, RBD domain of spike; Ig, immunoglobin. Pink rectangles highlight the overall anti-correlation trends between auto-antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs.

(C) Hierarchical clustered heatmap showing log2-fold change of T3 SARS-CoV-2 antibody or T1 autoantibody levels in patients with a specific PASC (rows) compared with those without. p values calculated from the Mann-Whitney U test are displayed if <0.05. Only single PASCs that showed statistical significance or the four PASC categories were shown. ∗p value < 0.05, ∗∗p value < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p value < 0.001.

(D) Hierarchical clustered heatmap showing log2-fold change of EHR clinical labs, plasma analytes, or transcript levels in immune cells (annotated within column names), in patients with auto-antibodies (>2σ + healthy) to those without (≤2σ + healthy). p values calculated from the Mann-Whitney U test are displayed in asterisks if <0.05. ∗p value < 0.05, ∗∗p value < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p value < 0.001.

(E) Boxplots showing the cell percentage (left), CD79B transcript levels (middle), and MX1 transcript levels (right) of atypical memory B cells in patients without any auto-antibodies (autoAb−, ≤2σ + healthy) and those had any autoantibody levels ≥4σ + healthy (autoAbhigh). p values calculated from the Mann-Whitney U test are displayed in asterisks if <0.05. ∗p value < 0.05. See also Figure S2 and Tables S2 and S5.