Figure 5.

Global immunological association of PASC revealed coordinate polarization of innate and adaptive immunity into four immune endotypes

(A) Illustration of the computational pipeline that integrates the immune transcriptomes for each cell type with PASC and uses this integration to classify and place patients on a low-dimensional projection.

(B) Two-dimensional projection of immune-symptom signatures. Each dot represents a patient blood draw, increased distance between dots represents increased dissimilarities. Identified patient groups in (A) are color-coded on T3 blood draws. Representative characteristics are summarized in the side boxes. Trajectories connecting the T1 and T3 patient blood draws for three of the groups are shown at the side.

(C) Pathway analysis of patient-group-specific transcriptomic signatures for CD8⁺, CD4⁺ T cell, and monocytes across patients. Enrichment scores of selected pathways in CD8⁺, CD4⁺ T cells, and monocytes for each blood draw are color coded onto each dot.

(D) Real-time hospitalization rates for each of the four patient endotype.

(E) Left: percent of patients per immunity endotype that had high IFN-α2 or P1 auto-antibodies at T1 (defined as ≥4 standard deviations above healthy controls) when considering autoAb^high and autoAb⁻ patients. Right: percent of patients with EBV viremia or SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia levels that cross the threshold for positivity. Data are represented as mean ± SE. p values calculated from the Mann-Whitney U test are displayed in asterisks if <0.05. ∗p value < 0.05, ∗∗p value < 0.01. See also Figures S3, S4, and S5 and Tables S5 and S6.