FIGURE 5.

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) organoids for in vitro drug screening. (A) Drug screening design. From a library of 29 compounds that targeted the most active signalling pathways in GBC, we identified two compounds that were able to significantly suppress GBC organoids. (B) Effects of 29 compounds on the growth of normal gallbladder organoids. (C) Effects of 20 compounds on the growth of GBC organoids, which had no or low toxicity on normal gallbladder organoids. (D) Heatmap of the viability of GBC organoids after 4 days of treatment with vorinostat and curcumin. (E) Representative brightfield microscopy images of normal and GBC organoids after 4 days of treatment with vorinostat and curcumin at 10 μM. Scale bars: 200 μm. (F) Cell viability of normal and GBC organoids after 4 days’ treatment with vorinostat at different concentrations