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mRNA expression patterns of representative important immune regulation and effector genes in head kidney. (A–F) mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ2, and IgM were determined by qRT-PCR. 18S rRNA gene was used as an internal control gene. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 4). Different lowercase letters in each group (a and b) denote significant variations suggested by the Kruskal-Wallis statistics followed by the Dunn’s multiple comparison (p < 0.05).
