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. 2022 Jan 24;12:1230. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05398-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Low glucose concentrations affect the cell proliferation on human gingival fibroblast (HGnFs). (a, b, c and d) HGnFs stained by calcein-AM and PI were photographed under a fluorescence microscope after incubation for 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. (e) The data of viable and dead staining are presented as the percentage of calcein stained area. (f) Cell proliferation was measured after incubation for 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. (Scale bars: 500 μm; A significant increase compared with the control was described as **P < 0.01; A significant decrease compared with the control was described as ^††P < 0.01).