Table 4.
List of volatile compounds names, retention index (RI), identification method (RS, reference commercial standard; MS, comparison of the mass spectrum with NIST library and bibliographic data), aroma, mean ± SD, n = 3 and p-value, for the two types of Malacara tomatoes.
| Chemical family | Volatile compound | RI | IM | Aroma | Malacara Tomato | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellow | Red | ||||||
| Alcohols | 2-phenylethanol | 1,136 | RS | Floral, sweet, honey | 489,694 ± 246,807 | 575,642 ± 238,376 | 0.6868 |
| Aldehydes | (E)-2-pentenal | 718 | MS | Green, tomato, orange | 252,609 ± 297,412 | 46,941 ± 27,394.7 | 0.2989 |
| Hexanal | 806 | RS | Green, fresh, fatty, fruity | 1.57E6 ± 1.29E6 | 1.41E6 ± 595,659 | 0.8562 | |
| (E)-2-hexenal | 814 | MS | Green, sweet, bitter, fruity | 764,938 | Not detected | – | |
| (Z)-2-heptenal | 913 | MS | Sweet, green, slightly fatty | 512,567 ± 90,361 | 361,269 ± 44,734.7 | 0.0601 | |
| Benzaldehyde | 982 | MS | Bitter almond-like | 490,981 ± 265,934 | 313,506 ± 46,386.9 | 0.4397 | |
| (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal | 921 | MS | Sweet, creamy, fatty, citrus | 255,776 ± 33,903.6 | 271,685 ± 38,853.4 | 0.6583 | |
| 2-phenylacetaldehyde | 1,081 | MS | Green, sweet, floral | 648,893 ± 309,124 | 423,507 ± 89,267 | 0.2918 | |
| Nonanal | 1,104 | RS | Aldehydic, waxy, rose | 785,860 ± 310,322 | 804,128 ± 200,381 | 0.9359 | |
| Decanal | 1,204 | RS | Aldehydic, sweet, waxy | 372,449 ± 271,639 | 98,519.7 ± 18,316.5 | 0.1563 | |
| (E,E)-2,4-decadienal | 1,220 | MS | Fatty, sweet, fresh | 1.31E6 ± 864,940 | 595,208 ± 91,270.2 | 0.2257 | |
| Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons | Styrene | 883 | MS | Almond | 213,567 ± 60,656 | 104,270 ± 53,238.7 | 0.0789 |
| α-methylnaphthalene | 1,345 | MS | Green musty | 123,585 ± 49,054.7 | 81,914.5 ± 27,784.3 | 0.3677 | |
| Biphenyl | 1,367 | MS | Bergamot, cinnamon | 143,821 ± 91,346.7 | 70,658 ± 43,686.8 | 0.2789 | |
| Esters | Methyl octanoate | 1,083 | MS | Green, fruity, waxy, citrus | 155,334.33 | Not detected | – |
| Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate | 1,054 | MS | Fruity, sweet, green | 286,361.5 | Not detected | – | |
| Methyl dihydrojasmonate | 1,657 | MS | Floral, citrus | 177,300 | Not detected | – | |
| Furans | 2-pentylfuran | 1,040 | RS | Fruity, green, earthy | 2.31E6 ± 750,558 | 2.54E6 ± 740,288 | 0.7284 |
| Ketones and methylketones | 1-octen-3-one | 943 | MS | Earthy, fungal, green, oily | 260,005 ± 26,349.7 | 248,907 ± 151,929 | 0.9068 |
| acetophenone | 1,029 | RS | Floral, sweet, pungent | 58,117.3 ± 7,932.4 | 64,646 ± 41,419.5 | 0.7916 | |
| Monoterpenes | α-thujene | 902 | MS | Herbal | 55,256.67 | Not detected | – |
| p-cymene | 1,042 | MS | Sweet, soft, fresh, lemon | 5.59E6 ± 813,109 | 3.06E6 ± 1.46E6 | 0.0591 | |
| Limonene | 1,018 | RS | Citrus, herbal, terpenic | 1.56E6 ± 182,424 | 726,484 ± 355,297 | 0.0220 | |
| β-ocimene | 958 | RS | Floral, sweet, herbal, warm | 517,027 ± 50,384 | 182,952 ± 77,229.3 | 0.0033 | |
| γ-terpinene | 998 | MS | Citric, fatty, terpenic | 4.38E6 ± 523,156 | 2.46E6 ± 250,811 | 0.0104 | |
| Perillene | 1,125 | MS | Flowery, citrus-like | Not detected | 570,774 | – | |
| Terpenes | Carvone | 1,190 | MS | Spearmint | 70,377.33 | Not detected | – |
| Camphor | 1,121 | MS | Hot Turkish spices | 130,320 ± 33,954.6 | 121,242 ± 93,096.3 | 0.9088 | |
| Carotenoids | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 938 | MS | Lemon-grass | 161,207 ± 29,513.3 | 1.01E7 ± 998,980 | 0.0001 |
| β-cyclocitral | 1,204 | MS | Tropical, herbal, sweet | Not detected | 167,245.33 | – | |
| Neral (β-citral) | 1,174 | MS | Lemon | Not detected | 186,223.33 | – | |
| Geranial (α-citral) | 1,174 | MS | Lemon | Not detected | 816,193.33 | – | |
| Geranylacetone | 1,424 | RS | Tropical, floral, fresh | not detected | 418,298 | – | |
| Phenol derivatives | Guaiacol | 1,090 | MS | Phenolic, spicy, vanilla | Not detected | 694755 | - |
| Methyl salicylate | 1,281 | RS | Minty, sweet, camphor | 408,744 ± 212,970 | 2.18E6 ± 1.04E6 | 0.0438 | |
| Eugenol | 1,392 | MS | Nutmeg, cinnamon | Not detected | 195,951.33 | – | |
| Nitrogen and sulfur compounds | 2-isobutylthiazole | 1,067 | MS | Woody, tomato-leaf notes | 6.06E7 ± 1.99E7 | 2.22E7 ± 7.85E6 | 0.0359 |
| Benzothiazole | 1,208 | MS | Meaty, cooked, beefy | 150,945 ± 59,548 | 88,841.7 ± 33,318.5 | 0.1901 | |
| Pentane, 1-nitro | 900 | MS | Algae | 7.83E6 ± 1.89E6 | 1.96E6 ± 503,511 | 0.0065 | |
| Benzyl nitrile | 1,138 | MS | Bitter almonds, spicy, floral | 433,907 ± 52,391.4 | 224,000 ± 58,611.4 | 0.0098 | |
| Oxygenated benzene derivatives | Estragole | 1,172 | MS | Anise | 1.79E6 ± 717,612 | 1.01E6 ± 673,743 | 0.2430 |
| Anethole | 1,190 | MS | Anise | 1.27E6 ± 591,754 | 804,140 ± 490,141 | 0.3488 | |