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. 2022 Jan 24;13:467. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28090-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Example traces of the respiratory signal and CA1 pyramidal layer LFP. In the magnified LFP signal, ripple events and the associated spiking activity can be observed. b Average ripple-triggered time-frequency wavelet spectrogram of the CA1 pyramidal layer LFP from one example animal. c Schematic of the CA1 pyramidal and granular cells somatodendritic domains aligned to the average ripple-triggered CSD profile of the hippocampal LFP activity for one example animal. d Ripple-triggered spike train of an example dCA1 neuron exhibiting evoked response and a characteristic oscillatory firing pattern. e Cumulative distribution of the ripple-triggered normalized firing of CA1 and DG PNs (CA1, n = 220 cells; DG, n = 202 cells) and INs (CA1, n = 76 cells; DG, n = 119 cells). f Average cross-correlation between inspiratory events and ripple occurrence (N = 22 freely-behaving and head-fixed mice). Dashed horizontal lines indicate the significance levels. g Distribution of the respiratory phase of occurrence of individual ripple events for one example animal (red; n = 4813 ripples) and preferred phase distribution for the population (blue; N = 22 sessions). Overlaid, distribution of average phase and modulation strength for ripples (black dots). h Phase modulation of ripples before and after OD (N = 7 mice). s.d. standard deviations, arb. units arbitrary units, n.s. not significant, OD olfactory deafferentation. Shaded areas, mean ± SEM. Star indicates significance level (*P < 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.