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. 2022 Jan 11;11:806465. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.806465

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Copyright © 2022 Wu, Fan, Han, Guo and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cdc4 is not essential for virulence factor development but is required for cell membrane integrity and DNA damage repair. (A) Capsule formation (top) and melanin production (bottom) were assayed on DME medium and Niger seed medium, respectively. Capsule production of Cryptococcus strains was observed by India ink staining after grown on DME medium for three days at 37°C. Melanin levels produced by each Cryptococcus strain were imaged after incubation for 3 days at 37°C. Bar, 5 µm. (B) The overexpression of the CDC4 gene in C. neoformans was measured by the relative qRT-PCR analysis. ****P < 0.0001. (C) Statistical analysis of the capsule formation in each Cryptococcus strain. ns, not significant. (D). Growth of the Cryptococcus strains under different stress conditions for two days at 30°C. Act D, actinomycin D; MMS, methyl methanesulfonate. The name of the strain is shown on the left, and the condition is indicated on the top.