TABLE 1.
General characteristics of participants and differences in UPSIT scores (N = 108).
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | UPSIT | t or F (p) |
| Sex | Men | 53 (49.1) | 17.92 ± 7.64 | 1.215 (0.227) |
| Women | 55 (50.9) | 15.98 ± 8.90 | ||
| Age (max, min) | 75.74 ± 6.63 (65, 95) | |||
| < 75 | 49 (45.4) | 19.39 ± 7.11 | 2.884 (0.005) | |
| ≧75 | 59 (54.6) | 14.90 ± 8.76 | ||
| Marital status | Married | 63 (58.3) | 17.87 ± 8.47 | 1.391 (0.167) |
| Unmarried (Widowed/Separated/Divorced) | 45 (41.7) | 15.62 ± 8.02 | ||
| Education level | Nonea | 26 (24.1) | 12.73 ± 9.61 | 4.129 (0.004) |
| Elementary schoolb | 43 (39.8) | 16.47 ± 7.01 | a < e† | |
| Middle schoolc | 15 (13.9) | 19.07 ± 8.20 | ||
| High schoold | 16 (14.8) | 19.63 ± 7.20 | ||
| College and overe | 8 (7.4) | 23.75 ± 6.52 | ||
| Religion | Yes | 51 (48.2) | 16.94 ± 8.38 | −0.007 (0.994) |
| No | 57 (52.8) | 16.93 ± 8.34 | ||
| Household type | Single householda | 33 (30.6) | 17.00 ± 7.43 | 5.204 (0.007) |
| Spouse onlyb | 53 (49.1) | 18.83 ± 8.33 | b > c† | |
| Spouse and other familyc | 22 (20.4) | 12.27 ± 8.07 | ||
| Prescription medication | Yes | 102 (94.4) | 17.11 ± 8.29 | 0.888 (0.377) |
| Hypertension | 65 (63.7) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (33.3) | |||
| Cerebro-cardiovascular disease | 31 (30.4) | |||
| Other | 23 (22.5) | |||
| No | 6 (5.6) | 14.00 ± 9.23 | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 10 (9.3) | 17.37 ± 8.37 | 1.704 (0.091) |
| No | 98 (90.7) | 12.70 ± 6.83 | ||
| CDR scores | Questionablea | 63 (58.3) | 20.59 ± 6.18 | 29.349 (<0.001) |
| Mildb | 34 (31.5) | 7.48 ± 1.28 | a > b,c† | |
| Moderatec | 11 (10.2) | 7.37 ± 2.22 |
†Statistical analysis method.