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. 2022 Jan 11;12:714434. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714434

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Copyright © 2022 Durazzo, Sorkin, Lucarini, Gusev, Kuszak, Crawford, Boyd, Deuster, Saldanha, Gurley, Pehrsson, Harnly, Turrini, Andrews, Lindsey, Heinrich and Dwyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Authentication of Actaea racemosa: (A) PCA score plots of three genera (Actaea, Echinacea, and Panax), (B) PCA score plot of four species of Actaea (A. dahurica, A. pachypoda, A. podocarpa, and A. racemosa), (C) PCA score plot of vouchered A. racemosa rhizomes from three sources (American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, North Carolina Arboretum Germplasm Repository, and Strategic Sourcing, Inc.) and NIST SRM 3295 (rhizome), 3296 (leaves), and 3298 (extracted dosing form), and (D) Double SIMCA Q residuals plot for the same samples shown in plot C.