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. 2022 Jan 11;12:796704. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.796704

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Copyright © 2022 Xu, Wang, Ding, Wang and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Microglia modulation by biotherapy. Multiple cytokines, NSCs, MSCs, and MVs derived from stem cells, and miRNAs derived from MVs contribute to a decrease in activated microglia. Pink arrow, upregulation; blue arrow, downregulation.