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. 2021 Nov 25;9(3):2102466. doi: 10.1002/advs.202102466

Figure 19.

Figure 19

A) Kidney‐targeted drug delivery via rhein‐loaded polyethyleneglycol‐co‐polycaprolactone‐co‐polyethylenimine NPs (PPP NPs) for diabetic nephropathy therapy. Changes in FBG and body weight in different groups during treatment. FBG: fasting blood glucose; DN: diabetic nephropathy; DNC: DN control; HC: healthy control; rh‐sol: rh solution. Reproduced with permission.[ 252 ] Copyright 2018, Dove Press Ltd. B) Therapeutic assessment of quercetin/PEG‐b‐(PELG‐g‐PZLL) (QUE/P) NP in diabetic nephropathy rats, including QUE/P downregulated ICAM‐1 expression in vivo as well as the activity of SOD and the levels of blood glucose, BUN, and Scr (iv). SOD: superoxide dismutase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine. Reproduced with permission.[ 246 ] Copyright 2017, Dove Press Ltd. C) Schematic representation of Au NP synthesis using PPE, the expression of Nrf2 and NF‐κB (p65) in STZ‐induced diabetes mice when treated with PPE‐Au NP (25 mg kg−1) and the probable mechanism of action of PPE‐Au NP in ameliorating STZ‐induced diabetic nephropathy. PPE: pomegranate peel extract; PE: phycoerythrin; FITC: fluorescein. Reproduced with permission.[ 254 ] Copyright 2019, Dove Press Ltd. D) Preparation of Pd‐Au HCDs/Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy)2+‐PEI‐ABEI@Ab/BSA bioconjugate and construction of ECL immunosensor, as well as the possible signal enhancement mechanism. Pd‐Au HCDs: convex hexoctahedral Pd@Au core‐shell nanocrystals; Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy)2+, Bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)(4′‐Methyl‐[2,2] bipyridinyl‐4‐carboxylicacid) ruthenium (‖) dichloride; PEI: polyethyleneimine; ABEI: N‐(aminobutyl)‐N‐(ethylisoluminol); ECL: electrochemiluminescence. Reproduced with permission.[ 74 ] Copyright 2017, Elsevier B.V.