Table 1. Study Sample Characteristics and Outcome at Baselinea.
| Characteristic or outcome | All (N = 340) | MINdI arm (n = 194) | Control arm (n = 146) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal characteristics | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 255 (75.0) | 153 (78.9) | 102 (69.9) |
| Male | 85 (25.0) | 41 (21.1) | 44 (30.1) |
| Age ≥30 y | 51 (15.0) | 32 (16.6) | 19 (13.0) |
| No prior mindfulness training | 103 (30.5) | 61 (31.6) | 42 (29.0) |
| No prior mindfulness practice | 56 (16.5) | 30 (15.5) | 26 (17.8) |
| Program characteristics | |||
| Program with <20 interns | 93 (27.4) | 48 (24.7) | 45 (30.8) |
| US region | |||
| Eastern | 159 (44.3) | 66 (34.0) | 91 (62.3) |
| Central | 118 (32.9) | 59 (30.4) | 42 (27.8) |
| Western | 82 (22.8) | 69 (35.6) | 13 (8.9) |
| Medicine-pediatrics residents | 16 (4.7) | 11 (5.7) | 5 (3.5) |
| Survey implementation | |||
| Baseline (survey during intern orientation) | 213 (62.7) | 118 (60.8) | 95 (65.1) |
| Month 6 | |||
| Vacation in prior month | 77 (30.4) | 43 (31.4) | 34 (29.3) |
| Prior weekend off | 108 (42.7) | 54 (39.4) | 54 (46.6) |
| Rotating on inpatient or intensive care service | 184 (73.0) | 104 (76.5) | 80 (69.0) |
| Month 15 | |||
| Vacation in prior month | 61 (32.8) | 29 (28.2) | 32 (38.6) |
| Prior weekend off | 98 (52.7) | 58 (56.3) | 40 (48.2) |
| Rotating on inpatient or intensive care service | 92 (50.0) | 44 (43.1) | 48 (58.5) |
| Outcomes at baselineb | |||
| Burnout | 233 (68.5) | 145 (74.7) | 88 (60.3) |
| Emotional exhaustion, mean (SD)c | 27.2 (9.7) | 28.2 (10.1) | 25.9 (8.9) |
| Depersonalization, mean (SD)d | 11.5 (5.1) | 11.9 (5.0) | 11.0 (4.8) |
| Personal accomplishment, mean (SD)e | 39.3 (8.2) | 41.5 (4.1) | 36.3 (10.9) |
| Empathetic concerns, mean (SD)f | 17.9 (2.2) | 18.0 (2.0) | 17.9 (2.2) |
| Perspective taking, mean (SD)f | 19.3 (2.9) | 19.4 (3.0) | 19.2 (2.8) |
| Mindfulness, mean (SD)g | 127.7 (16.3) | 126.7 (16.5) | 126.7 (16.1) |
Abbreviation: MINdI, Mindfulness Intervention for New Interns.
Data are presented as number (percentage) of interns unless otherwise indicated.
On the basis of analyses of nonimputed responses from study participants measured at baseline.
Total scores on the 9-item emotional exhaustion subscale (range, 7-63; higher scores correspond to higher degrees of perceived burnout).
Total scores on the 5-item depersonalization subscale (range, 7-35; higher scores correspond to higher degrees of perceived burnout).
Total scores on the 8-item personal accomplishment subscale (range, 7-56; higher scores correspond to lower degrees of perceived burnout).
Total scores on the 7-item perspective taking subscale (range, 7-35; higher scores correspond to higher degrees of perceived empathy).
Total scores on the 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness scale (range, 39-195; higher scores correspond to higher degrees of perceived mindfulness).