Table 1.
Demographics, leukocyte telomere length and early trauma in controls and cases, data presented by sex. Includes ANOVA for age, education and LTL; t-test for onset age; Chi-square for smoking; MANCOVA with age as covariate for early trauma domains.
| Healthy controls | Schizophrenia cases | Statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (N = 11) | Females (N = 7) | Males (N = 28) | Females (N = 20) | Diag. | Sex | Diag./sex | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | F | F | |
| Age | 36.5 (8.5) | 37.3 (9.4) | 41.9 (10.2) | 43.3 (10.0) | 4.21* | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| Onset age | – | – | 20.1 (6.8) | 21.3 (7.1) | – | t = 0.54 | – |
| Education | 15.2 (1.9) | 13.9 (2.5) | 12.1 (2.6) | 13.9 (2.5) | 4.57* | 0.09 | 4.80* |
| LTL | 1.92 (0.76) | 1.58 (0.54) | 2.04 (0.84) | 1.82 (0.68) | 0.72 | 1.68 | 0.08 |
| Healthy controls | Schizophrenia cases | Statistics | |||||
| Males (N = 11) | Females (N = 6) | Males (N = 23) | Females (N = 18) | Diag. | Sex | Diag./sex | |
| F | F | F | |||||
| Smokers: N (%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (17%) | 19 (83%) | 13 (72%) | Chi2 = 21.77*** | Chi2 = 0.00 | |
| Early trauma inventory | |||||||
| Healthy controls | Schizophrenia cases | Statistics | |||||
| Males (N = 11) | Females (N = 7) | Males (N = 28) | Females (N = 20) | Diag. | Sex | Diag./sex | |
| F | F | F | |||||
| Multivariate Wilks’ Lambda statistics→ | 4.10** | 1.88 | 0.51 | ||||
| General events | 5.9 (5.4) | 8.7 (6.2) | 19.7 (14.3) | 15.9 (10.0) | 6.76* | 0.10 | 1.27 |
| Punishment | 4.1 (2.3) | 3.0 (2.5) | 6.5 (6.6) | 5.5 (3.7) | 2.08 | 0.68 | 0.00 |
| Emotional | 1.6 (2.3) | 4.9 (9.6) | 8.9 (7.9) | 14.7 (10.8) | 9.84** | 3.25 t | 0.26 |
| Sexual | 0.55 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.9) | 6.7 (13.0) | 6.0 (8.6) | 3.29 t | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| ETI overall total | 12.2 (9.0) | 17.6 (13.3) | 41.8 (30.0) | 42.0 (24.1) | 11.23*** | 0.09 | 0.18 |
t = trend.
*
p < 0.050.
**
p < 0.010.
***
p = 0.001.