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. 2021 Nov 28;128(1):186–197. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.09.038

Table 1.

Baseline, anaesthetic, and surgical characteristics. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), median (inter-quartile range [range]), or absolute number (%). ACPS, anaesthetist-controlled propofol sedation; PMPS, patient-maintained propofol sedation.


ACPS (n=40)
PMPS (n=40)
P-value
Age (yr) 71.5 [52–90] 72.5 [51–89]
Sex (n)
 Male 16 (40) 16 (40)
 Female 24 (60) 24 (60)
Total body weight (kg) 80.9 (15.0) 79.1 (16.0)
Lean body mass (kg) 54.2 (10.0) 52.5 (10.4)
Height (cm) 166 (9) 163 (10)
BMI (kg m−2) 29.3 (4.0) 29.6 (4.4)
ASA physical status (n)
 1 1 (2.5) 1 (2.5)
 2 27 (67.5) 26 (65.0)
 3 11 (27.5) 13 (32.5)
 4 1 (2.5) 0
Previous experience of medical or surgical procedures (n)
 General anaesthesia 36 (90.0) 32 (80.0)
 Sedation 23 (57.5) 22 (55.0)
 Awake 21 (52.5) 15 (37.5)
 Patient-led sedation 1 (2.5) 0
Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L index)
0.799 (0.149)
0.695 (0.203)


ACPS (n=40)
PMPS (n=38)
P-value
Midazolam before spinal anaesthesia (n) 20 (50) 9 (23) 0.013
 Dose (mg) 1.5 (0.5) 1.4 (0.5) 0.656
Spinal hyperbaric bupivacaine (mg) 14 (13–15 [12–20]) 14 (13–15 [10–18.75]) 0.347
Spinal diamorphine (n) 10 (25.0) 12 (31.5) 0.617
 Dose (μg) 0 (0–300 [300–500]) 0 (0–300 [300–500]) 0.638
Time taken to perform spinal (min) 1 (1–3 [0–25]) 1 (0–3 [0–32]) 0.904
Dermatomal spinal block height T8 (T8–T10 [T5–T10]) T9 (T6–T10 [T5–T10]) 0.826
Duration of sedation (min) 73 (22) 78 (17) 0.259
Duration of surgery (min) 59 (18) 63 (16) 0.297
Arthroplasty performed (n)
 Hip 12 (30.0) 17 (44.7) 0.242
 Knee 28 (70.0) 21 (55.2)