Table 2.
Demographics and characteristics of study patients stratified by VAE, study period, and COVID-19 status
| VAE-Positive |
VAE-Negative |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pandemic |
Prepandemic (n = 616) |
Pandemic |
Prepandemic (n = 9,095) |
|||
| COVID-19– Negative (n = 194) |
COVID-19– Positive (n = 172) |
COVID-19– Negative (n = 2,704) |
COVID-19– Positive (n = 489) |
|||
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 58.5 (16) | 59.7 (14) | 60.2 (15) | 60.0 (16.4) | 61.6 (16) | 61.4 (16) |
| Sex, Male, n (%) | 117 (60) | 123 (72) | 367 (60) | 1,651 (61) | 300 (61) | 5,597 (62) |
| Racial group, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 127 (65) | 65 (38) | 448 (73) | 1,936 (72) | 162 (33) | 6,923 (76) |
| Black | 19 (10) | 28 (16) | 53 (9) | 236 (9) | 90 (18) | 676 (7) |
| Asian | 10 (5) | 5 (3) | 24 (4) | 94 (3) | 22 (4) | 284 (3) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 21 (11) | 55 (32) | 42 (7) | 213 (8) | 156 (32) | 588 (6) |
| Other | 6 (3) | 8 (5) | 17 (3) | 65 (2) | 22 (4) | 163 (2) |
| No response | 11 (6) | 11 (6) | 32 (5) | 160 (6) | 37 (8) | 461 (5) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 122 (63) | 117 (68) | 414 (67) | 1,747 (65) | 324 (66) | 6,170 (68) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 54 (28) | 93 (54) | 179 (29) | 814 (30) | 229 (47) | 2,627 |
| Elixhauser score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (2) | 5.8 (2) | 6.4 (2) | 5.7 (2) | 5.3 (2) | 5.4 (3) |
| Duration of MV, d, median (IQR) | 14 (17) | 22 (19) | 14 (14) | 3 (3) | 11 (13) | 2 (3) |
| Time to a VAE from initiation of MV, d, median (IQR) | 4 (6) | 5 (9) | 4 (5) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 73 (38) | 52 (30) | 261 (42) | 641 (24) | 158 (32) | 2,151 (24) |
Definition of abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; IQR = interquartile range; MV = mechanical ventilation; N/A = not applicable; SD = standard deviation; VAE = ventilator-associated event.
N is equal to the number of distinct ventilator episodes for each subgroup. For ventilator episodes with multiple VAEs, only the first VAE is included for analysis.