Table 3. Relative risk of overall clinical outcomes of COVID-19 according to HBV infection and antiviral agent treatment.

Clinical outcomes		No. of patients	No. of events	Events rate	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted ORa (95% CI)	P value
All-cause mortality
	Non HBV-infected	18,485	1,524	8.2	1		1
	HBV-infected, with antiviral agents	537	70	13.0	1.67 (1.28–2.14)	< 0.001	0.91 (0.68–1.21)	0.545
	HBV-infected, without antiviral agents	138	21	15.2	2.00 (1.22–3.12)	0.004	0.95 (0.54–1.61)	0.867
Composite (mortality, ICU admission, liver failure, MV/ECMO, AKI/CRRT)
	Non HBV-infected	18,485	2,552	13.8	1		1
	HBV-infected, with antiviral agents	537	116	21.6	1.72 (1.39–2.11)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.76–1.23)	0.823
	HBV-infected, without antiviral agents	138	33	23.9	1.83 (1.22–2.67)	0.002	0.92 (0.58–1.44)	0.720
ICU admission
	Non HBV-infected	18,485	1,398	7.6	1		1
	HBV-infected, with antiviral agents	537	71	13.2	1.86 (1.43–2.39)	< 0.001	1.22 (0.92–1.60)	0.160
	HBV-infected, without antiviral agents	138	14	10.1	1.38 (0.76–2.32)	0.256	0.96 (0.50–1.70)	0.896
Long in-hospital stay length (≥ 30 days)
	Non HBV-infected	18,485	3,508	19.0	1		1
	HBV-infected, with antiviral agents	537	99	18.4	0.96 (0.77–1.20)	0.752	1.03 (0.82–1.29)	0.791
	HBV-infected, without antiviral agents	138	24	17.4	0.90 (0.56–1.37)	0.636	1.08 (0.67–1.69)	0.730

COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, HBV = hepatitis B virus, ICU = intensive care unit, MV = mechanical ventilation, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, AKI = acute kidney injury, CRRT = continuous renal-replacement therapy, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, malignancies.