Table 2.
Univariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses of Factors Associated With Receipt of Inpatient Palliative Care.
| Univariable logistic regression |
Multivariable logistic regression |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Patient race | ||||||||
| White | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Black | 1.11 | 1.069 | 1.149 | <.001 | 1.04 | 0.998 | 1.083 | .065 |
| Hispanic | 1.05 | 0.997 | 1.095 | .064 | 1.02 | 0.967 | 1.076 | .466 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.15 | 1.072 | 1.232 | <.001 | 1.08 | 0.998 | 1.170 | .056 |
| Other | 1.03 | 0.960 | 1.104 | .411 | 1.00 | 0.924 | 1.083 | .994 |
| Age, years | 1.27 | 1.241 | 1.305 | <.001 | 1.01 | 1.006 | 1.009 | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Female | 1.04 | 0.979 | 1.030 | .741 | 1.03 | 1.002 | 1.061 | .038 |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Private | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Medicare | 1.25 | 1.215 | 1.289 | <.001 | 0.85 | 0.814 | 0.882 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 1.33 | 1.278 | 1.391 | <.001 | 1.17 | 1.110 | 1.223 | <.001 |
| Other | 1.51 | 1.432 | 1.569 | <.001 | 1.32 | 1.243 | 1.396 | <.001 |
| Income quartile | ||||||||
| Q1 | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Q2 | 0.98 | 0.943 | 1.013 | .209 | – | – | – | – |
| Q3 | 1.02 | 0.981 | 1.053 | .374 | – | – | – | – |
| Q4 | 1.02 | 0.983 | 1.056 | .300 | – | – | – | – |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 1.14 | 1.129 | 1.149 | <.001 | 1.04 | 1.033 | 1.056 | <.001 |
| Inpatient surgical procedure | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.17 | 0.169 | 0.181 | <.001 | 0.28 | 0.269 | 0.288 | <.001 |
| DNR status | ||||||||
| Full code | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| DNR | 12.08 | 11.738 | 12.437 | <.001 | 8.60 | 8.345 | 8.866 | <.001 |
| Hospital location | ||||||||
| South | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Midwest | 0.98 | 0.944 | 1.012 | .201 | – | – | – | – |
| West | 1.10 | 1.057 | 1.134 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Northeast | 1.03 | 1.001 | 1.069 | .046 | – | – | – | – |
| Hospital bed size | ||||||||
| Small | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Medium | 1.16 | 1.106 | 1.213 | <.001 | 1.15 | 1.094 | 1.214 | <.001 |
| Large | 1.10 | 1.060 | 1.151 | <.001 | 1.18 | 1.128 | 1.237 | <.001 |
| Hospital teaching status | ||||||||
| Rural | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban nonteaching | 0.91 | 0.859 | 0.964 | .001 | – | – | – | – |
| Urban teaching | 0.93 | 0.884 | 0.985 | .012 | – | – | – | – |
| Aggressive care (any) | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | Reference | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.24 | 1.205 | 1.279 | <.001 | 1.22 | 1.180 | 1.263 | <.001 |
| Inpatient radiation therapy | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.39 | 1.324 | 1.467 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Inpatient chemotherapy | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.84 | 0.802 | 0.889 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.73 | 1.630 | 1.832 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Gastrostomy tube | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.37 | 1.270 | 1.470 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Parenteral nutrition | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.27 | 1.199 | 1.334 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Hemodialysis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.53 | 1.368 | 1.719 | <.001 | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviation: DNR, Do Not Resuscitate.