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. 2021 Dec 28:1–26. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.2019727

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© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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Figure 1. — Schematic representation of the genetics and natural evolution of SARS-CoV-2: SARS-CoV-2 virion is covered by three different proteins (S, M, E) and the genome RNA comprises of the 5′UTR consisting of frameshift ORF1a and ORF1b that forms 16 NSPs and the 3′-end encodes for 4 structural proteins (S, N, M, E) and 9 accessory proteins (Orf3a, Orf3b, Orf6, Orf7a, Orf7b, Orf8, Orf9b, Orf9c, Orf10). Four genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 called as VOCs which includes the B.1.671.2 (Delta variant, first report from India), B.1.1.7 (alpha variant, first report from Britain), B.1.351 (beta variant first report from South Africa) and P.1 (gamma variant first report from Brazil) have evolved due to mutations in the 5′ UTR.

Abbreviations: Spike glycoprotein (S); Membrane (M); envelope (E); N (nucleocapsid protein); Open reading frame (ORF); Untranslated Region (UTR); Nonstructural Proteins (NSPs); Variant of Concern (VOC)