Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by antibiotic exposure
| Exposure | Outcome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | Total (n = 256) | ATB (-) Group (n = 210) | ATB ( +) Group (n = 46) | P-value | CR & PR (n = 71) | SD & PD (n = 185) | P-value |
| Age (Years) Mean [SD] | 65.5 [9.5] | 65.5 [9.6] | 65.3 [9.4] | 0.942 | 66.5 [9.7] | 65.1 [9.4] | 0.400 |
| Ethnicity- No. (%) | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 243 (94.9) | 200 (95.2) 10 | 43 (93.5) 3 | 0.903 | 69 (97.2) 2 | 174 (94.1) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13 (5.1) | (4.8) | (6.5) | (2.8) | 11 (5.9) | 0.482 | |
| Pack Years | |||||||
| Mean [SD] | 32.9 [25.9] | 33.8 [26.3] | 29.2 [23.9] | 0.435 | 30.5 [23.9] | 33.8 [26.6] | 0.496 |
| Clinical Stage- No. (%) | |||||||
| Stage 3 | 16 (6.2) | 14 (6.7) | 2 (4.3) | 0.801 | 5 (7.0) | 11 (5.9) | 0.971 |
| Stage 4 | 240 (93.8) | 196 (93.3) | 44 (95.7) | 66 (93.0) | 174 (94.1) | ||
| Race- No. (%) | |||||||
| White | 241 (94.2) | 200 (95.2) | 41 (89.1) | 65 (91.5) | 176 (95.1) | ||
| Black or African American | 9 (3.5) | 7(3.3) | 2 (4.3) | 0.109 | 3 (4.2) | 6 (3.2) | 0.429 |
| Asian | 6 (2.3) | 3(1.4) | 3 (6.5) | 3 (4.2) | 3 (1.6) | ||
| Gender- No. (%) | |||||||
| Female | 120 (47.0) | 98 (46.7) | 22 (47.8) | 1.000 | 29 (40.8) | 91 (49.2) 94 | 0.290 |
| Male | 136 (53.0) | 112 (53.3) | 24 (52.2) | 42 (59.2) | (50.8) | ||
| Smoking Status- No. (%) | |||||||
| Never | 38 (14.8) | 29 (13.8) | 9 (19.6) | 10 (14.1) | 28 (15.1) | ||
| Former | 184 (71.9) | 153 (72.9) | 31 (67.4) | 0.606 | 51 (71.8) | 133 (71.9) | 0.958 |
| Current | 34 (13.3) | 28 (13.3) | 6 (13.0) | 10 (14.1) | 24 (13.0) | ||
| Marital Status- No. (%) | |||||||
| Single | 23 (9.0) | 19 (9.0) | 4 (8.7) | 10 (14.1) | 13 (7.0) | ||
| Married/Cohabitating | 156 (60.9) | 133 (63.3) | 23 (50.0) | 0.601 | 40 (56.3) | 116 (62.7) | 0.185 |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 48 (18.8) | 38 (18.1) | 10 (21.7) | 12 (16.9) | 36 (19.5) | ||
| Not Reported | 29 (11.3) | 20 (9.6) | 9 (19.6) | 9 (12.7) | 20 (10.8) | ||
| Prior Surgery- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 203 (79.3) | 162 (77.1) | 41 (89.1) | 0.106 | 59 (83.1) | 144 (77.8) | 0.449 |
| Yes | 53 (20.7) | 48 (22.9) | 5 (10.9) | 12 (16.9) | 41 (22.2) | ||
| Prior Chemotherapy- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 110 (43.0) | 92 (43.8) | 18 (39.1) | 0.677 | 41 (57.7) | 69 (37.3) | 0.005* |
| Yes | 146 (57.0) | 118 (56.2) | 28 (60.9) | 30 (42.3) | 116 (62.7) | ||
| Prior Radiation- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 178 (69.5) | 148 (70.5) | 30 (65.2) | 0.600 | 50 (70.4) | 128 (69.2) | 0.968 |
| Yes | 78 (30.5) | 62 (29.5) | 16 (34.8) | 21 (29.6) | 57 (30.8) | ||
| Prior Targeted Therapy- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 215 (84.0) | 173 (82.4) | 42 (91.3) | 0.203 | 64 (90.1) | 151 (81.6) | 0.141 |
| Yes | 41 (16.0) | 37 (17.6) | 4 (8.7) | 7 (9.9) | 34 (18.4) | ||
| Histology- No. (%) | |||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 147 (57.4) | 119 (56.7) | 28 (60.9) | 43 (60.6) | 104 (56.2) | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 59 (23.0) | 49 (23.3) | 10 (21.7) | 0.865 | 15 (21.1) | 44 (23.8) | 0.818 |
| Other NSCLC | 50 (19.6) | 42 (20.0) | 8 (17.4) | 13 (18.3) | 37 (20.0) | ||
| NSAID Use- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 235 (91.8) | 190 (90.5) | 45 (97.8) | 0.177 | 63 (88.7) | 172 (93.0) | 0.394 |
| Yes | 21 (8.2) | 20 (9.5) | 1 (2.2) | 8 (11.3) | 13 (7.0) | ||
| PPI Use- No. (%) | |||||||
| No | 195 (76.2) | 153 (72.9) | 42 (91.3) | 0.014* | 50 (70.4) | 145 (78.4) | 0.241 |
| Yes | 61 (23.8) | 57 (27.1) | 4 (8.7) | 21 (29.6) | 40 (21.6) | ||
| ECOG- No. (%) | |||||||
| 0 | 57 (22.3) | 50 (23.8) | 7 (15.2) | 18 (25.4) | 39 (21.1) | ||
| 1 | 192 (75.0) | 153 (72.9) | 39 (84.8) | 0.195 | 52 (73.2) | 140 (75.7) | 0.662 |
| 2 | 6 (2.3) | 6 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (2.7) | ||
| Not Reported | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||||||
| Mean [SD] | 6.9 [1.6] | 6.9 [1.6] | 6.9 [1.5] | 0.766 | 7.1 [1.7] | 6.9 [1.5] | 0.528 |
*Statistically Significant, when p < 0.05; Age, Pack Years, ECOG, and CCI (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test); Other Variables (Chi-Square Analysis). Smoking variables not necessarily obtained at treatment start (electronic new patient questionnaire). N/A Not Applicable, ATB antibiotic, PPI Proton pump inhibitors, NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, CR Complete response, PR: Partial response, PD Progressive disease, SD Stable disease