Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, stratified by angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) groups
| Variables | ARNI group (n = 168) | ACEI/ARB group (n = 168) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.19 ± 13.85 | 64.11 ± 12.88 | 0.190 |
| Female (n, %) | 52 (31.0) | 49 (29.2) | 0.721 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.27 ± 32.67 | 127.36 ± 20.25 | 0.757 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.76 ± 14.40 | 80.13 ± 16.41 | 0.824 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 83.25 ± 21.64 | 82.08 ± 19.66 | 0.631 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 117.67 ± 38.77 | 116.15 ± 31.09 | 0.735 |
| QTc interval (ms) | 470.02 ± 72.88 | 479.18 ± 42.45 | 0.226 |
| BSA (kg/m2) | 1.85 ± 0.18 | 1.84 ± 0.20 | 0.815 |
| NYHA class | |||
| III (n, %) | 101 (60.1) | 99 (58.9) | 0.824 |
| IV (n, %) | 52 (31.0) | 62 (36.9) | 0.249 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 99 (58.9) | 80 (47.6) | 0.038 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 61 (36.3) | 63 (37.5) | 0.821 |
| Coronary heart disease (n, %) | 79 (47.0) | 80 (47.6) | 0.913 |
| Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 54 (32.1) | 50 (29.8) | 0.637 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 55 (32.7) | 58 (34.5) | 0.729 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1019 (470, 2052) | 928 (399, 2096) | 0.551 |
| hs‐TnI (μg/L) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.15) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.09) | 0.021 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.61 (4.78, 7.91) | 5.44 (4.80, 7.27) | 0.579 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.33 ± 1.25 | 4.28 ± 1.23 | 0.702 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.72) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.51) | 0.262 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.31 (1.75, 3.00) | 2.37 (1.83, 2.95) | 0.823 |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.16) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.16) | 0.574 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 8.55 (6.51, 11.66) | 8.33 (6.21, 11.21) | 0.743 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 94 (79, 116) | 93 (72, 108) | 0.701 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 533.69 ± 167.15 | 515.30 ± 173.97 | 0.325 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.61 ± 10.56 | 141.43 ± 4.20 | 0.400 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.00 ± 0.59 | 4.03 ± 0.54 | 0.641 |
| Echocardiography findings | |||
| LVEF (%) | 30.49 ± 7.88 | 30.02 ± 8.37 | 0.470 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 61.39 ± 9.13 | 62.49 ± 10.33 | 0.311 |
| E/e′ | 14.73 ± 5.90 | 15.48 ± 5.77 | 0.263 |
| Interventricular septal thickness (mm) | 10.34 ± 2.09 | 10.12 ± 1.96 | 0.330 |
| Left ventricular wall thickness (mm) | 9.72 ± 1.36 | 9.83 ± 1.46 | 0.510 |
| EDT | 165.29 ± 49.47 | 153.24 ± 47.34 | 0.026 |
| LAD (mm) | 44.73 ± 5.82 | 45.84 ± 5.71 | 0.078 |
| LASID (mm) | 48.29 ± 6.14 | 48.18 ± 6.03 | 0.869 |
| LATD (mm) | 62.16 ± 8.09 | 62.59 ± 8.46 | 0.645 |
| LAV (mL) | 72.76 ± 27.16 | 77.05 ± 33.34 | 0.216 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 39.55 ± 15.15 | 40.99 ± 14.53 | 0.390 |
| LASI | 1.29 ± 0.08 | 1.30 ± 0.11 | 0.254 |
| Treatments | |||
| Beta‐blockers (n, %) | 154 (91.6) | 133 (79.1) | 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker (n, %) | 13 (7.7) | 37 (22.0) | <0.0001 |
| Spironolactone (n, %) | 147 (87.5) | 149 (88.6) | 0.736 |
| Digoxin (n, %) | 31 (18.4) | 61 (36.3) | <0.0001 |
| Loop diuretics (n, %) | 147 (87.5) | 140 (83.3) | 0.279 |
| Subgroup analysis | |||
| Mildly abnormal LAVI (n, %) | 26 (15.5) | 25 (14.9) | 0.879 |
| Moderately abnormal LAVI (n, %) | 32 (19.0) | 28 (16.7) | 0.569 |
| Severely abnormal LAVI (n, %) | 68 (40.5) | 68 (40.5) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; BSA, body surface area; E/e′, mitral Doppler early velocity/mitral annular early velocity; EDT, E peak deceleration time; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs‐TNI, high‐sensitivity troponin I; LAD, left atrium diameter; LASI, left atrial sphericity index; LASID, superior and inferior diameter of left atrium; LATD, transverse diameter of left atrium; LAV, left atrial volume; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.