Table 2.
Demographics and baseline characteristics (as treated population stratified by sacubitril/valsartan, diuretic use)
| Sacubitril/valsartan users (N = 68) | Non‐users (N = 164) | P‐value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 63.9 ± 10.9 (68) | 69.9 ± 9.9 (164) | 0.0002 |
| Sex (male) | 82.4% (56/68) | 76.8% (126/164) | 0.3859 |
| Vital signs/lab analyses | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.59 ± 4.64 (68) | 28.86 ± 5.56 (164) | 0.7012 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 116.5 ± 16.6 (68) | 116.5 ± 17.0 (161) | 0.9941 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.0 ± 11.3 (68) | 67.8 ± 10.9 (161) | 0.0532 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 72.8 ± 12.5 (68) | 70.6 ± 11.8 (164) | 0.2102 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 4157.5 ± 7366.1 (53) | 5473.5 ± 8933.9 (123) | 0.3109 |
| Implant catheter haemodynamics | |||
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg) | 44.5 ± 18.2 (68) | 48.2 ± 16.4 (163) | 0.1539 |
| PA diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 18.7 ± 8.2 (68) | 19.7 ± 8.1 (163) | 0.3782 |
| PA mean pressure (mmHg) | 28.6 ± 11.4 (68) | 31.1 ± 10.5 (163) | 0.127 |
| PA wedge pressure (mmHg) | 18.7 ± 9.2 (67) | 20.1 ± 9.5 (161) | 0.2751 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.91 ± 0.97 (68) | 4.29 ± 1.29 (163) | 0.0153 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 1.89 ± 0.44 (68) | 2.11 ± 0.58 (163) | 0.0015 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (mmHg·min/L) | 2.72 ± 1.89 (67) | 2.90 ± 2.32 (161) | 0.537 |
| Medical history | |||
| Primary aetiology of cardiomyopathy | |||
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy | 57.4% (39/68) | 51.8% (85/164) | 0.4722 |
| Non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy | 36.8% (25/68) | 36.0% (59/164) | 1 |
| Not determined | 0.0% (0/68) | 8.5% (14/164) | 0.0121 |
| Unknown | 5.9% (4/68) | 3.7% (6/164) | 0.4844 |
| Atrial tachycardia, flutter/fibrillation | 55.9% (38/68) | 64.0% (105/164) | 0.2992 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 30.9% (21/68) | 19.5% (32/164) | 0.0849 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 42.6% (29/68) | 47.6% (78/164) | 0.5634 |
| History of renal failure | 42.6% (29/68) | 64.6% (106/164) | 0.0033 |
| Renal failure requiring dialysis | 0.0% (0/68) | 1.2% (2/164) | 1 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 7.4% (5/68) | 15.2% (25/164) | 0.1327 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16.2% (11/68) | 22.6% (37/164) | 0.3732 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 58.8% (40/68) | 60.4% (99/164) | 0.8833 |
| Myocardial infarction | 42.9% (27/63) | 33.3% (51/153) | 0.2134 |
| Pulmonary oedema | 20.6% (14/68) | 15.2% (25/164) | 0.3385 |
| Pulmonary embolus | 4.5% (3/67) | 1.8% (3/163) | 0.3608 |
| CRT, CRT‐P, or CRT‐D | 23.5% (16/68) | 28.0% (46/164) | 0.5183 |
| ICD | 58.8% (40/68) | 30.5% (50/164) | 0.0001 |
| HF medical history | |||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 25.4 ± 9.4 (67) | 36.2 ± 15.9 (162) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA Class I | 0.0% (0/68) | 0.0% (0/164) | 1 |
| NYHA Class II | 0.0% (0/68) | 0.0% (0/164) | 1 |
| NYHA Class III | 100.0% (68/68) | 99.4% (163/164) | 1 |
| NYHA Class IV | 0.0% (0/68) | 0.6% (1/164) | 1 |
| Days since last HFH prior to implant | 68.4 ± 82.6 (67) | 71.1 ± 88.7 (160) | 0.8254 |
| HFH within 6 months before implant | 89.6% (60/67) | 88.1% (141/160) | 0.8237 |
| HFH within 3 months before implant | 74.6% (50/67) | 75.6% (121/160) | 0.8674 |
| History of HF medications | |||
| ACEi/ARB/ARNi | 94.1% (64/68) | 81.7% (134/164) | 0.0143 |
| Beta‐blocker | 94.1% (64/68) | 86.6% (142/164) | 0.1133 |
| Mineralocorticoid antagonist | 91.2% (62/68) | 64.0% (105/164) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretic | 97.1% (66/68) | 96.3% (158/164) | 1 |
| Baseline patient‐reported outcomes | |||
| EQ‐5D‐5L VAS | 55.2 ± 22.4 (68) | 54.0 ± 20.1 (157) | 0.7004 |
| KCCQ Overall Summary Score | 49.88 ± 24.31 (68) | 45.58 ± 23.97 (157) | 0.2237 |
| KCCQ Clinical Summary Score | 54.52 ± 24.72 (68) | 49.61 ± 24.77 (157) | 0.1737 |
| PHQ‐9 Summary Score | 8.4 ± 5.9 (67) | 8.8 ± 6.0 (156) | 0.5932 |
ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNi, angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor; BP, blood pressure; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator; CRT‐P, cardiac resynchronization therapy‐pacemaker; HF, heart failure; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PA, pulmonary artery; PHQ‐9, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9.
P‐value from two‐group t‐test with unequal variances for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.