Table 3.
Prevalence of bleeding events in systemic amyloidosis
| Study, date | Population | Prevalence of bleeding | Bleeding description | Favouring factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yood et al., 1983 37 | 100 AL amyloidosis |
41/100 = 41% (3% cause of death) |
23% petechia and ecchymoses 18% gastrointestinal tract bleeding 8% after procedure 3% haematuria 2% haemoptysia |
|
| Mumford et al., 2000 43 | 337 AL amyloidosis | 28% |
18% cutaneous bleeding 5% gastrointestinal bleeding 1% post procedure |
Prolongation of thrombin time (32%) |
| Kumar et al., 2001 40 | 45 AL amyloidosis treated with blood stem cell | 20% |
7% of lower GI tract bleeding 9% of upper |
Multiorgan involvement haemodialysis |
| Choufani et al., 2001 45 | 368 AL amyloidosis | 5%, all with FX deficiency | Frequency and severity worse with the lowest levels of FX | FX deficiency < 50% |
| Mitrani et al., 2020 21 | 290 ATTR | 7% (all had anticoagulant therapy) | Labile INR |
AL, immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis; GI, gastrointestinal; TTR, transthyretin; wTTR, wild type transthyretin; vTTR, variant transthyretin.