Table 3.

Feature tracking and haemodynamic forces analysis: STEMI patients and reduced EF vs. STEMI patients and preserved EF vs. healthy controls

	STEMI EF < 50%, n = 21	STEMI EF > 50%, n = 28	Healthy controls, n = 21	P	Post‐hoc analysis
					P a	P b	P c
Feature tracking analysis
EF (%)	41 ± 5	57 ± 6	63 ± 3	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.020
GLS‐endo (%)	−9 ± 2	−17 ± 3	−21.7 ± 2	0.001	0.008	0.001	0.001
GLS‐myo (%)	−9 ± 2	−14 ± 8	−21 ± 2	0.001	0.890	0.001	0.003
GCS‐endo (%)	−20 ± 3	−28 ± 3	−31 ± 2	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.284
GCS‐myo (%)	−13 ± 1	−20 ± 3	−20 ± 1	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.890
GRS (%)	36 ± 12	55 ± 10	65 ± 14	0.001	0.03	0.001	0.076
Haemodynamic forces: entire heart cycle
A‐B (%)	13 ± 6	15 ± 4	22 ± 6	0.001	0.958	0.001	0.002
L‐S (%)	2.6 ± 1.3	2.6 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.6	0.002	0.980	0.002	0.003
L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio (%)	20 ± 6	18 ± 4	16 ± 4	0.051	0.244	0.059	0.970
Angle φ (°)	73 ± 3	75 ± 3	74 ± 3	0.016	0.014	0.267	0.469
Haemodynamic forces: systole
A‐B (%)	19 ± 8	23 ± 5	31 ± 9	0.001	0.391	0.001	0.014
L‐S (%)	3.3 ± 1.9	3.6 ± 1	4 ± 1	0.046	0.962	0.053	0.268
L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio (%)	18 ± 6	16 ± 4	15 ± 5	0.229	0.908	0.271	0.987
Impulse angle φ (°)	74 ± 4	76 ± 7	76 ± 4	0.173	0.394	0.267	0.965
Haemodynamic forces: diastole
A‐B (%)	9 ± 7	10 ± 6	13 ± 4	0.038	0.965	0.052	0.176
L‐S (%)	2 ± 1.5	1.8 ± 0.7	3 ± 0.9	0.002	0.985	0.010	0.002
L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio (%)	25 ± 13	20 ± 6	23 ± 7	0.227	0.363	0.985	0.777
Impulse angle φ (°)	72 ± 6	76 ± 4	72 ± 5	0.059	0.111	0.9886	0.096

A‐B, apex‐base; EF, ejection fraction; GCS‐endo, endocardial global circumferential strain; GCS‐myo, transmural global circumferential strain; GLS‐endo, endocardial global longitudinal strain; GLS‐myo, transmural global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; HDFs, haemodynamic forces; L‐S, latero‐septal; STEMI, segment elevation myocardial infarction.

^a STEMI EF < 50% vs. STEMI FE > 50%.

^b STEMI EF < 50% vs. controls.

^c STEMI EF > 50% vs. controls.