TABLE 2.
Association between heart failure and aspirin use
| Aspirin use | Yes | No | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derivation | HF events/at risk | HF events/at risk | HF events/at risk | |
| Model 1 | 86/3688 | 207/15 569 | 1.40 (1.09–1.81) | 0.009 |
| Model 2 | 86/3688 | 207/15 569 | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 0.006 |
| Model 3 | 86/3688 | 207/15 569 | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 0.03 |
| Model 4 | 86/3688 | 207/15 569 | 1.33 (1.03–1.72) | 0.03 |
| Validation | ||||
| Model 1 | 497/4010 | 540/7560 | 1.47 (1.31–1.68) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 497/4010 | 540/7560 | 1.52 (1.34–1.72) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 497/4010 | 540/7560 | 1.39 (1.22–1.57) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 497/4010 | 540/7560 | 1.17 (1.03–1.34) | 0.02 |
| HOMAGE | ||||
| Model 1 | 583/7698 | 747/23 129 | 1.47 (1.32–1.65) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 583/7698 | 747/23 129 | 1.52 (1.36–1.69) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 583/7698 | 747/23 129 | 1.39 (1.24–1.55) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 583/7698 | 747/23 129 | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | <0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio.
Estimates (HR), given with a 95% confidence interval, represent the risk of heart failure on exposure to the aspirin. Model 1—adjusted for study, sex, and age; Model 2—Model 1 + body mass index, smoking and drinking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein ratio, and creatinine; Model 3—Model 2 + treatment with renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta‐blockers, and statins; Model 4—Model 3 + history of cardiovascular diseases.