TABLE 5.
Sensitivities and specificities of various VE/VCO2 slope cut‐points among HF groups, defined by LVEF
| VE/VCO2 slope ≥ 36 | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| HFrEF | 61.1% (52.6%, 70.7%) | 64.7% (60.5%, 69.2%) |
| HFmrEF | 41.6% (20.9%, 70.3%) | 82.1% (75.7%, 88.2%) |
| HFpEF | 47.0% (33.2%, 62.9%) | 74.2% (70.5%, 77.9%) |
| VE/VCO2 slope ≥ 29 | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
| HFrEF | 90.5% (86.0%, 95.0%) | 28.4% (24.3%, 32.6%) |
| HFmrEF | 87.9% (67.1%, 100.0%) | 46.1% (38.0%, 55.7%) |
| HFpEF | 85.0% (75.0%, 93.8%) | 39.2% (34.9%, 43.3%) |
CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; VE/VCO2, minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio.