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Classification by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and by aetiologies of identified heart failure patients. Secondary heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients are grouped into two distinct categories with aetiologies related to abnormalities of the myocardium vs. abnormalities of the loading conditions. Patients for whom none of these causes were identified were classified as having idiopathic HFpEF.
